TOEFL TPO 73 Speaking Task 3 Sample: Explain how the example of minnows and trout illustrates the concept of generalization to avoid predators.
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旧版托福题型
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题目概览
阅读段落
Generalization to Avoid Predators For animals to avoid predators and stay safe, they need to be able to identify which other animals might be dangerous predators. Animals can sometimes recognize new predators by their similarity to predators they are familiar with. This phenomenon is known as generalization. When they encounter an unfamiliar animal that has the same characteristics as a known predator, they generalize by behaving the same way they would to avoid the known predator. An animal's ability to generalize can vary based or how similar the unfamiliar animals are to the original predators; the more similar they are, the more likely the animal is to generalize.
题目
Explain how the example of minnows and trout illustrates the concept of generalization to avoid predators.
用户样本与评估结果
评估结果
1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3
2.预估分数
23. 3.表达
从表达方面来看，回答中的语音清晰，语速适中，但偶尔会有停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议练习更流畅地发音，并减少不必要的停顿。同时注意正确发音以避免拼写错误。
4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的，但可以进一步加强对概念和例子之间关系的阐述。为了提高话题发展能力，建议在解释概念时更加详细，并在给出例子时强调其与概念之间的联系。
5.语言使用Original Answer: In the lecture, the professor gives one example to illustrate the concept of generalization to avoid predators, which means animals can sometimes recognize new predators by their similarity to predators they are familiar with. In the lecture, the professor provides an example illustrating the concept of generalization for avoiding predators, meaning that animals can sometimes recognize new predators based on their similarity to known predators. (为了使句子更自然，我们对句子结构进行了调整。)
And the example involves a type of small fish called minnow that are hunted by lake trouts. The example involves a type of small fish called minnows, which are hunted by lake trout. (我们修正了名词的复数形式，并调整了句子结构。)
When minnows smelled the odor of lake trouts, they would gather together and stop moving. When minnows detect the scent of lake trout, they gather together and cease movement. (我们使用了更高级的词汇，并调整了句子结构。)
Consequently, it would be hard for trouts to locate and eat them. As a result, it becomes difficult for trout to locate and consume them. (我们使用了更高级的词汇，并修正了名词的复数形式。)
In an experiment, minnows are exposed to the odor of two types of unfamiliar fish. In an experiment, minnows were exposed to the scents of two unfamiliar types of fish. (我们使用了更高级的词汇，并调整了时态。)
The first is brook trout, which is similar to lake trouts, their predator. The first type is brook trout, which is similar to their predator, lake trout. (我们修正了名词的复数形式，并调整了句子结构。)
And the second is a totally different species of fish. The second type is a completely different species of fish. (我们使用了更高级的词汇。)
As a result, minnows behave the same way as two lake trouts. As a result, minnows exhibit the same behavior as they do with lake trout. (我们调整了句子结构，使其更自然。)
They gather together and stop moving. They gather together and cease movement. (我们使用了更高级的词汇。)
However, when they encounter the second group, they just behave normally. However, when encountering the second type of fish, they exhibit normal behavior. (我们调整了句子结构，使其更自然。)
Revised Answer (140 words):
In the lecture, the professor provides an example illustrating the concept of generalization for avoiding predators, meaning that animals can sometimes recognize new predators based on their similarity to known predators. The example involves a type of small fish called minnows, which are hunted by lake trout. When minnows detect the scent of lake trout, they gather together and cease movement. As a result, it becomes difficult for trout to locate and consume them. In an experiment, minnows were exposed to the scents of two unfamiliar types of fish. The first type is brook trout, which is similar to their predator, lake trout. The second type is a completely different species of fish. As a result, minnows exhibit the same behavior as they do with lake trout. They gather together and cease movement. However, when encountering the second type of fish, they exhibit normal behavior.
6.思维导图
- Generalization for avoiding predators
- Definition
- Example
- Minnows and lake trout
- Minnows' behavior
- Experiment
- Brook trout
- Different species of fish
- Minnows' reactions
- Minnows and lake trout
7.关键词
| Word | Phonetic Symbols | Parts of Speech | English definitions | Simplified Chinese translations | Sample sentences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Generalization | /ˌdʒɛnərəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ | noun | The act of making a general statement | 概括 | Generalization helps animals recognize new predators based on their similarity to known predators. |
| Predator | /ˈprɛdətər/ | noun | An animal that hunts and kills other animals for food | 捕食者 | Lake trout is a predator that hunts minnows in the wild. |
| Scent | /sɛnt/ | noun | A distinctive smell, especially one that is pleasant or serves as an attractant | 气味 | Minnows can detect the scent of lake trout and react accordingly to avoid being eaten. |
| Cease | /sis/ | verb | To stop; discontinue | 停止 | When minnows sense danger, they cease movement and gather together for protection. |
| Exhibit | /ɪgˈzɪbɪt/ | verb | To show or display | 表现，展示 | Minnows exhibit the same behavior when encountering brook trout as they do with lake trout. |
