TOEFL TPO 49 Speaking Task 3 Sample: Explain how the example from the lecture illustrates the concept of procedural memory.

1.Sub Scores Delivery: 2 Language Use: 2 Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores Total Score: 19

3.Delivery The speaker's delivery could use some improvement. The speech is not very fluid and has occasional pauses, which disrupt the flow of the response. Additionally, there are some pronunciation issues that lead to spelling errors in the text. To improve, the speaker should practice speaking more fluidly and work on their pronunciation to avoid confusion.

4.Topic Development The topic development aspect of the response is relatively strong. The speaker provides a coherent and well-organized response, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples from the lecture. However, there are some inaccuracies in the content, such as referring to "prehistoric memory" instead of "procedural memory." To improve, the speaker should focus on using accurate terminology and further elaborating on the connection between the professor's guitar-playing experience and the concept of procedural memory.

5.Language Use

Original: Prehistoric memory Procedural memory ("Prehistoric memory" is incorrect; the correct term is "procedural memory") is memory of performing actions. The professor took guitar lessons when he was young, and the teacher taught him how to hold the guitar and play fingers on strings place his fingers on the strings ("play fingers on strings" is unclear; use "place his fingers on the strings" instead). The professor played for hours and repeated playing until he could play guitar without thinking. But once he entered into the college, he hadn't played for years, but once he picked up the guitar, he still knew how to play guitar, and he could easily know how to play fingers when he touched the guitar, and played his favorite songs using the guitar. So it's his alternative with practice before, when he gets a guitarist.

Revised Answer (140 words):

Procedural memory refers to the memory of performing actions. When the professor was young, he took guitar lessons where his teacher taught him how to hold the guitar and place his fingers on the strings. He practiced for hours every day, eventually being able to play without conscious thought. However, after entering college, he stopped playing for several years. Surprisingly, when he picked up a guitar again, he found that he still knew how to play and could effortlessly position his fingers on the strings to produce music. This demonstrates that through consistent practice in his youth, the professor had formed strong procedural memories that allowed him to recall and perform complex actions even after a long period of inactivity. This example illustrates the concept of procedural memory as it pertains to learning and retaining skills through practice.

6.Mind Map

- Procedural Memory
  - Definition
  - Professor's Guitar Experience
    - Lessons and practice
    - Stopped playing in college
    - Rediscovery and retained skills
  - Connection to Procedural Memory Concept
    - Consistent practice
    - Long-term retention of skills

7.Key Words

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这个回答的语言流利度和语速基本上是一致的，但偶尔会有停顿。为了提高表达能力，建议在练习时注意语速的控制，尽量减少不必要的停顿。同时，注意发音的准确性，避免因发音不准确而导致的拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯和有组织的，但在某些地方可以进一步加强。例如，在描述教授重新拾起吉他时，可以更详细地描述他是如何轻松地回忆起过去学到的技能。此外，在解释为什么这个例子能很好地说明程序性记忆时，可以更深入地分析教授在多年不弹吉他后仍然能够弹奏的原因。总之，在练习时尝试提供更多支持和例证来丰富话题发展。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The reading passage talks about procedural memories, which means the memories of process of performing a task, that have become automatic with practice. The reading passage discusses procedural memories, which are the memories formed during the process of performing a task and become automatic with practice.（将原句中的"talks about"改为更正式的"discusses"，并调整句子结构以使其更自然。）

For example, when the professor was a boy, he learned how to play guitar. In the first lesson, he learned how to hold a guitar and how to place his finger on the strings. And every day after class, he practiced for several hours. Several years later, the professor was able to pick up the guitar and play the songs without thinking. But when the professor goes to the university, he stops playing guitar for years. However, the other day, the professor found his old guitar. He was surprised to find that he still knew how to play the guitar and how to move his finger. Although the professor cannot explain how he can do that, he can still play his favorite song. Therefore, this is a good example of procedural memory.

Revised Answer (140 words):

The reading passage discusses procedural memories, which are the memories formed during the process of performing a task and become automatic with practice. For instance, when the professor was young, he learned to play the guitar. During his initial lessons, he acquired knowledge on holding the guitar and positioning his fingers on its strings. He diligently practiced for hours every day after class. As a result, after several years, he could effortlessly pick up his guitar and play songs without conscious thought. However, upon attending university, he ceased playing for an extended period. Surprisingly, when he recently discovered his old guitar, he realized that he still retained the ability to play and maneuver his fingers. Although the professor cannot articulate the precise mechanics behind this skill, he can still perform his favorite tunes, exemplifying procedural memory.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memories
  - Definition
  - Example
    - Professor learning guitar
      - Initial lessons
      - Daily practice
      - Automatic playing ability
    - Stopped playing
    - Rediscovered guitar
      - Retained ability
      - Inability to explain mechanics
  - Connection to procedural memory concept

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

在这个回答中，发言者的语言流利度和语速基本上是一致的，但有时会出现不必要的停顿。为了提高发言的流畅度，建议发言者在练习时注意自己的语速和停顿，尽量保持连贯。此外，还需要注意正确发音，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 发言者在回答中提供了一个相对连贯和有组织的回应，并通过教授的经历来说明程序记忆的概念。然而，可以进一步改进话题发展。例如，在描述教授如何学习吉他时，可以更详细地描述他是如何通过练习和重复来形成程序记忆的。此外，在总结部分，可以更明确地指出教授在多年后仍能弹奏吉他的原因是程序记忆使他能够自动执行这个任务。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: In the reading passage, the procedural memories are memories of the process of performing a task that becomes automatic with the practice. In the reading passage, procedural memories are described as memories of performing a task that become automatic with practice. (原句中的表述不够自然，修改后的句子更符合英语表达习惯。) The professor gives his experience to illustrate this point. The professor shares his own experience to illustrate this concept. (修改后的句子更准确地描述了教授的行为。) When he was a boy, he took a guitar lesson. When he was a boy, he took guitar lessons. (原句中的“a guitar lesson”应改为复数形式“guitar lessons”，表示教授参加了多次吉他课程。) And every day, he got home, he would practice very hard, Every day when he got home, he would practice diligently, (修改后的句子结构更清晰，同时使用了更高级的词汇“diligently”替换“very hard”。) and after years, he behaved excellent in playing guitars. and after years of practice, he became excellent at playing the guitar. (修改后的句子结构更清晰，同时使用了更准确的表述。) However, after college, he gave up this hobby, but in the one day, he found his old guitar. However, after college, he stopped playing, and one day, he found his old guitar. (修改后的句子更简洁明了。) He was amazed to discover that when he picked it up, he knew how to play even though he hadn't played in years. He was amazed to discover that when he picked it up, he still knew how to play even though he hadn't played in years. (在句子中加入“still”以强调教授在多年不弹吉他后仍然知道如何弹奏。) He just picked it up and right away, He just picked it up and immediately, (使用“immediately”替换“right away”使句子更自然。) he found that he still knew how to process his fingers to play the right notes. he found that he still knew where to place his fingers to play the correct notes. (修改后的句子使用了更准确的词汇和表述。)

Revised Answer (140 words): In the reading passage, procedural memories are described as memories of performing a task that become automatic with practice. The professor shares his own experience to illustrate this concept. When he was a boy, he took guitar lessons. Every day when he got home, he would practice diligently, and after years of practice, he became excellent at playing the guitar. However, after college, he stopped playing, and one day, he found his old guitar. He was amazed to discover that when he picked it up, he still knew how to play even though he hadn't played in years. He just picked it up and immediately, he found that he still knew where to place his fingers to play the correct notes.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memories
  - Automatic with practice
  - Reading Passage
    - Definition
  - Professor's Experience
    - Guitar lessons
    - Daily practice
    - Years of practice
    - Stopped playing after college
    - Rediscovery of guitar
      - Still able to play
      - Knew finger placement for correct notes

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，回答中的语音清晰，语速适中，但偶尔有些停顿。建议在练习时注意发音的准确性，尽量减少不必要的停顿，使表达更加流畅。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的。然而，可以尝试更详细地解释讲座中的例子是如何说明程序记忆概念的。例如，在描述教授如何在多年后仍然能够弹奏吉他时，可以进一步强调这是因为他通过大量练习形成了程序记忆。此外，在总结时可以再次明确指出这个例子是如何体现程序记忆的。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The professor explained the term procedural memories, which means memory to perform a task like automatic with practice, and he used one personal example to elaborate. First, he mentioned that when he was a boy, he went to a lesson to learn how to play a guitar. After learning how to play it, every day, he practiced guitar at home, hence, soon after that, he could just pick up without thinking how to play it. And few years after he went to university, because he lack of time, he was no time to play it. However, later, he had a chance to play it. He found that he still performed the guitar well, although he can not explain how to play it, but he still played it very well, and that's how the procedural memory perform.

Corrected Answer: The professor explained the term procedural memories procedural memory(单复数问题) which means memory the ability(更自然的表达) to perform a task like automatically(词汇选择) with practice, and he used one personal example to elaborate. First, he mentioned that when he was a boy, he went to a lesson took lessons(更自然的表达) to learn how to play a guitar. After learning how to play it, every day, he practiced guitar at home; hence, soon after that, he could just pick up without thinking about how to play it. And few years after a few years later,(更自然的表达) he went to university, because he lack of time lacked time,(语法问题) he was no time had no time(语法问题) to play it. However, later, he had a chance to play it. He found that he still performed the guitar well, although he can not could not(时态问题) explain how to play it, but he still played it very well, and that's how the procedural memory perform works(词汇选择).

Revised Answer (140 words): The professor explained the concept of procedural memory, which refers to the ability to perform a task automatically with practice. He illustrated this concept using a personal example from his childhood when he took guitar lessons. After learning the basics, he practiced daily at home, eventually being able to play without consciously thinking about the process. A few years later, when he went to university, he lacked time and stopped playing the guitar. However, when he later had the opportunity to play again, he discovered that he could still perform well despite not being able to explain the exact process. This experience demonstrates how procedural memory works, as the professor was able to effortlessly recall and execute the skill of playing the guitar even after a long period of inactivity.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memory
  - Definition
    - Ability to perform tasks automatically with practice
  - Professor's Example
    - Childhood guitar lessons
    - Daily practice at home
    - Playing without conscious thought
  - University Years
    - Lack of time
    - Stopped playing guitar
  - Rediscovery
    - Opportunity to play again
    - Still performed well
    - Demonstrates procedural memory concept

7.关键词

1.子项得分

Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

Estimated Score: 23

3.表达

从表达方面来看，回答内容基本上是清晰的，但在某些地方可能会有些不够流畅。建议在练习时注意保持语速的一致性，避免过多的停顿。此外，注意发音的准确性，以免出现拼写错误。在练习时可以多听一些英语材料，提高自己的语感。

4.话题发展

从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的，但在某些地方可能会有些不够充分。建议在练习时注意在论述观点时给出更多的支持和例子，使回答更加有说服力。同时，在连接观点时可以使用一些过渡词汇，使得回答更加流畅。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The reading passage introduced the concept of procedural memory, which means the memory's people form when they learn. Names and facts are different from the form when they learn how to perform a task. In the lecture, the professor illustrated the concept with an example of himself. When he was a boy, he took guitar lessons. Every day, he went back to his home and played the guitar for hours. After some years, he could play the music. When he entered university, he stopped playing guitar. But the other day, he found his guitar. He found that he knew how to play the guitar even he didn't practice the guitar for some years. He cannot explain how to move the guitar, how to move the fingers, but he still can play his favorite songs.

Corrected Answer: The reading passage introduced the concept of procedural memoryprocedural memories, which meansrefers to the memory'smemories people form when they learn(学习时形成的记忆). Names and facts are different from the formthose formed when they learn how to perform a task(学习如何执行任务时形成的记忆). In the lecture, the professor illustrated the concept with an example of himselffrom his own experience. When he was a boy, he took guitar lessons. Every day, he went back to his homereturned home and played the guitar for hours. After some years, he could play the musicsongs effortlessly. When he entered university, he stopped playing guitarthe guitar. But the other day, he found his guitar. He found that he knew how to play the guitar even he didn't practice the guitar for some yearsthough he hadn't practiced for several years. He cannotcould not explain how to move the guitar, how to move the fingers, but he still cancould play his favorite songs.

Revised Answer (140 words): The reading passage introduced the concept of procedural memories, which refers to the memories people form when they learn. Names and facts are different from those formed when they learn how to perform a task. In the lecture, the professor illustrated the concept with an example from his own experience. When he was a boy, he took guitar lessons. Every day, he returned home and played the guitar for hours. After some years, he could play songs effortlessly. When he entered university, he stopped playing the guitar. However, one day when he found his old guitar, he discovered that he still knew how to play it even though he hadn't practiced for several years. He could not explain how to move the guitar or his fingers, but he could still play his favorite songs.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memories
    - Definition
    - Difference from names and facts

- Lecture Example
    - Professor's guitar lessons
    - Daily practice
    - Effortless playing
    - Stopped playing in university
    - Rediscovery of guitar skills
        - Retained knowledge
        - Inability to explain movements
        - Still able to play favorite songs

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是清晰的，但在某些地方可能需要稍作调整。例如，可以适当减少重复词汇，如“play the guitar”，并尝试使用不同的表达方式。此外，注意在适当的地方加入停顿，以便让听众更好地理解你的观点。在发音方面，尽量保持准确和自然。

4.话题发展 从话题发展的角度来看，这位同学的回答已经很好地说明了讲座中的例子如何说明程序性记忆的概念。然而，在组织上还有一些改进空间。建议在回答开头简要介绍程序性记忆的定义，并在结尾时总结一下教授的例子如何证明这一概念。同时，在描述教授的经历时，可以更详细地说明他是如何通过练习形成程序性记忆的，并强调多年后仍能轻松回想起这些记忆。

5.语言使用

Original: This talk about the procedural memory, The response discusses procedural memory, (修改了句子的开头，使其更自然) which means the memories of the process of performing a task that become automatic with practice. referring to the memories formed when performing tasks that become automatic with practice. (重新组织了句子，使其更清晰) Well, in the lecture, the professor take himself as an example to explain this concept. In the lecture, the professor uses his own experience as an example to illustrate this concept. (改进了句子结构和动词时态)

He first took his guitar lesson when he was a child. He began taking guitar lessons as a child. (简化了句子结构) His teacher teaching how to hold a guitar and play fingers on the string. His teacher taught him how to hold a guitar and place his fingers on the strings. (修正了动词形式和表达)

When he go back home, he will play the guitar for like an hour. When he returned home, he would practice the guitar for about an hour. (修正了动词时态和表达) After years of practice, he is able to play the guitar and music without even thinking. After years of practice, he could play the guitar and music effortlessly. (改进了句子结构和表达)

For years, he didn't play the guitar anymore. However, he stopped playing the guitar for several years. (改进了句子结构和连词使用) When he find it and play it after years, he can knew how to play the guitar even after so many years. When he found his guitar and played it again after all those years, he still knew how to play it. (修正了动词时态和表达)

His finger play from one point to another and play his favorite song. His fingers moved effortlessly from one note to another, allowing him to play his favorite songs. (改进了句子结构和表达)

Revised Answer (140 words):

The response discusses procedural memory, referring to the memories formed when performing tasks that become automatic with practice. In the lecture, the professor uses his own experience as an example to illustrate this concept. He began taking guitar lessons as a child. His teacher taught him how to hold a guitar and place his fingers on the strings. When he returned home, he would practice the guitar for about an hour. After years of practice, he could play the guitar and music effortlessly. However, he stopped playing the guitar for several years. When he found his guitar and played it again after all those years, he still knew how to play it. His fingers moved effortlessly from one note to another, allowing him to play his favorite songs.

6.思维导图

Procedural Memory
├── Definition
│   └── Memories formed when performing tasks
├── Lecture Example
│   ├── Professor's guitar lessons
│   ├── Daily practice
│   ├── Effortless playing after years of practice
│   └── Retained ability after not playing for years
└── Conclusion
    └── Professor's experience illustrates procedural memory

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数 Estimated Score: 23

3.表达 在表达方面，发言者的语言流利度和语速基本一致，仅有少量停顿。为了提高发言质量，建议发言者注意在适当的地方停顿，以增强语言的连贯性。此外，发言者需要注意正确发音，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 The speaker provided a coherent and well-organized response, explaining the concept of procedural memory using the professor's guitar-playing experience as an example. However, to improve topic development, the speaker could have elaborated more on how the professor's experience demonstrates the automatic and long-lasting nature of procedural memories. Additionally, the speaker could have made clearer connections between the passage and the lecture to strengthen their response.

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The passage talks about procedural memories, which means that the memories people form when they learn facts or names are different from the memories people form when they learn how to perform a task. The passage discusses procedural memory, indicating that the memories formed when learning facts or names differ from those created when learning to perform a task. (将句子结构进行了简化，使表达更自然) The professor takes himself as an example. The professor uses his own experience as an example. (改进了表达方式，使其更自然) When he was a little boy, he learned to play guitar in lessons, and when he got home, he played guitar for hours, and finally, he could pick it up and play it without thinking. As a child, he took guitar lessons and practiced for hours at home until he could play effortlessly without conscious thought. (优化了句子结构和词汇，使表达更流畅) But after college, he stopped playing guitar. But one day, when he found his guitar, he found that he still knew how to play it. However, after college, he stopped playing. Surprisingly, when he rediscovered his guitar one day, he realized that he could still play it. (改进了过渡词和表达方式，使句子更连贯) He still knew how to press fingers to play the notes without thinking. He was still able to press the strings to produce the correct notes instinctively. (优化了词汇和表达方式，使句子更自然)

Revised Answer (140 words):

The passage discusses procedural memory, indicating that the memories formed when learning facts or names differ from those created when learning to perform a task. The professor uses his own experience as an example. As a child, he took guitar lessons and practiced for hours at home until he could play effortlessly without conscious thought. However, after college, he stopped playing. Surprisingly, when he rediscovered his guitar one day, he realized that he could still play it. He was still able to press the strings to produce the correct notes instinctively. This example demonstrates the long-lasting and automatic nature of procedural memories, as the professor was able to recall and perform the skill even after years of not playing the guitar.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memory
  - Memories formed when learning tasks
  - Different from factual/name memories

- Professor's Example
  - Childhood guitar lessons
  - Practiced for hours
  - Effortless playing without conscious thought

- Rediscovery of Guitar
  - Stopped playing after college
  - Still able to play instinctively

- Demonstration of Procedural Memory
  - Long-lasting and automatic nature
  - Recall and perform skill after years of not playing

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，整体上讲述流畅，但有时会出现重复的句子。建议在练习时注意避免重复，尝试使用不同的词汇和表达方式来描述同一件事情。此外，在发音方面也需要留意，确保每个单词的发音准确。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上与阅读和听力材料相符，能够解释讲座中的例子如何说明程序性记忆的概念。但在组织结构上还有改进的空间。建议在练习时注意明确地陈述观点，并在给出例子时保持条理清晰。同时，可以尝试使用更多的连接词来使回答更加连贯。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: According to the passage, procedural memory is memories of processes of performing a task become automatic with practice. According to the passage, procedural memory refers to the memories formed when performing a task that becomes automatic with practice. (将句子结构进行了调整，使其更加自然流畅) The professor explains this concept by giving an example of himself. The professor illustrates this concept using his own experience as an example. (使用了更高级的词汇和更自然的表达方式) When he was a boy, he goes to guitar lessons and at first he doesn't know how to hold the guitar and put his finger on it. When he was a boy, he attended guitar lessons, and initially, he didn't know how to hold the guitar or place his fingers on it. (修正了时态和语法错误，同时改进了句子结构) But when he practices hours after the class for years, he can pick up the guitar and play without thinking. However, after practicing for hours every day for years, he was able to pick up the guitar and play without thinking. (修正了时态错误，并使句子更加连贯) And when he stopped playing guitar for years, he still knows how to play guitar and just pick it up and play the guitar. Even after he stopped playing the guitar for years, he still knew how to play and could just pick it up and start playing. (修正了时态错误，同时使句子更加简洁明了) Even he didn't know how to move the finger, but he knows how to play his favorite songs. Although he couldn't explain the exact finger movements, he was still able to play his favorite songs. (修正了语法错误，并改进了句子结构)

Revised Answer (140 words):

According to the passage, procedural memory refers to the memories formed when performing a task that becomes automatic with practice. The professor illustrates this concept using his own experience as an example. When he was a boy, he attended guitar lessons, and initially, he didn't know how to hold the guitar or place his fingers on it. However, after practicing for hours every day for years, he was able to pick up the guitar and play without thinking. Even after he stopped playing the guitar for years, he still knew how to play and could just pick it up and start playing. Although he couldn't explain the exact finger movements, he was still able to play his favorite songs. This example from the lecture effectively demonstrates the concept of procedural memory as described in the reading passage.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memory
    - Definition
        - Memories formed when performing a task
        - Become automatic with practice
    - Professor's Example
        - Guitar lessons as a boy
        - Initial struggles
            - Holding guitar
            - Placing fingers on strings
        - Practice
            - Hours every day for years
            - Playing without thinking
        - Long-term retention
            - Stopped playing for years
            - Still able to play favorite songs

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是清晰流畅的，但在某些地方还是有一些不太自然的停顿。建议同学在练习口语时，注意保持语速的稳定，并尽量减少不必要的停顿。此外，在发音方面也需要注意一些单词的准确度。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，这位同学的回答内容基本上是连贯和有条理的，但在某些地方可以更加明确地表达观点。例如，在描述教授如何学习吉他时，可以更详细地说明教授是如何通过练习形成程序性记忆的。同时，在举例子时，可以尝试使用更多具体的细节来支持观点。总体来说，这位同学在话题发展方面表现得相对较好，但仍有提升空间。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The reading passage talks about procedural memory, which means the memory of processes of performing a task that have become automatic with practice. The reading passage discusses procedural memory, which refers to the memory of performing tasks that become automatic with practice. (将句子简化，使其更自然。) For example, when the professor was a boy, he learned how to play guitar. For instance, the professor learned to play the guitar when he was a boy. (调整句子结构，使其更自然。) He was taught how to hold a guitar and how to play his finger on the string. He was taught how to hold a guitar and place his fingers on the strings. (修正动词用法。) An adolescent professor practiced guitar for several hours every day. As an adolescent, the professor practiced playing the guitar for several hours daily. (调整句子结构，使其更自然。)

Revised Answer (140 words):

The reading passage discusses procedural memory, which refers to the memory of performing tasks that become automatic with practice. For instance, the professor learned to play the guitar when he was a boy. He was taught how to hold a guitar and place his fingers on the strings. As an adolescent, the professor practiced playing the guitar for several hours daily. Over time, he could effortlessly play his favorite songs without consciously thinking about it. However, after college, he stopped playing for many years. Surprisingly, when he found his old guitar, he discovered that he could still play it proficiently. Although he couldn't explain the precise finger movements or why he pressed the strings at specific points, he could still play his favorite songs. This example effectively illustrates the concept of procedural memory, as the professor's ability to play the guitar remained intact despite years of inactivity.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memory
    - Definition
        - Memory of performing tasks
        - Become automatic with practice
    - Example
        - Professor learning guitar
            - Taught how to hold and play
            - Practiced daily as an adolescent
            - Effortlessly played favorite songs
        - Stopped playing after college
        - Rediscovered ability years later
            - Retained knowledge of finger movements
            - Could still play favorite songs
    - Conclusion
        - Illustrates procedural memory concept

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是清晰的，语速适中，但有时会有些停顿。建议在练习时注意提高语言的流畅性，尽量减少不必要的停顿。同时，注意正确发音，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，这位同学的回答内容基本上是连贯和有组织的，观点之间的联系也比较清晰，并且提供了足够的支持和例子。但在回答中有一些表述不够准确，例如“Procedural memory means the process of the process that is performing tasks is academic with practice.” 建议在练习时注意提高表述的准确性和简洁性，以便更好地展示自己的观点。

5.语言使用

Original: Procedural memory means the process of the process that is performing tasks is academic with practice. Corrected: Procedural memory means the process of the process that is performing tasks is academic with practice. Procedural memory refers to the ability to perform tasks automatically through practice. (原句表述不够准确，修改后的句子更简洁明了。)

Original: The professor illustrates this point by giving us an example, playing the guitar. Corrected: The professor illustrates this point by giving us an example, playing the guitar. The professor demonstrates this concept by sharing his experience of playing the guitar. (修改后的句子更自然，表达更清晰。)

Revised Answer (140 words):

Procedural memory refers to the ability to perform tasks automatically through practice. The professor demonstrates this concept by sharing his experience of playing the guitar. He mentions that he used to play the guitar for hours every day, and after a couple of years, he could play it without thinking. Then, he stopped playing for a long time. Surprisingly, when he picked up the guitar again, he found that he could still play it effortlessly. Although he couldn't explain how he placed his fingers or how to play a specific string, he was able to perform his favorite songs. This example illustrates how the professor has formed a procedural memory that is automatic and allows him to play the guitar without conscious effort, even after not playing for an extended period.

6.思维导图

Procedural Memory
├─ Definition
│   └─ Ability to perform tasks automatically through practice
├─ Professor's Example
│   ├─ Playing the guitar
│   ├─ Daily practice
│   └─ Ability to play without thinking
└─ Illustration of Concept
    ├─ Long break from playing
    ├─ Retained ability to play effortlessly
    └─ Automatic procedural memory formed

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是清晰流畅的，但在某些地方可能会有些停顿。建议在练习口语时，注意保持语速的一致性，并尽量减少不必要的停顿。同时，注意提高发音的准确性，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，这位同学的回答内容基本上是连贯和有条理的，但在某些地方可能缺乏足够的支持或例证。建议在练习口语时，注意在论述观点时给出更多具体的例子和详细的解释，以便更好地支持自己的观点。同时，注意在回答问题时明确表达出与问题相关的关键信息，以便让听众更容易理解。

5.语言使用

原文：The passage introduces the concept of procedural memory, which means memories of performed particular actions. The passage introduces the concept of procedural memory, which refers to memories of performing specific actions.（将"means memories of performed particular actions"改为"refers to memories of performing specific actions"，使句子更自然。）

原文：The author illustrated the concept of procedural memory with an example of his own experience. The professor illustrated the concept of procedural memory with an example from his own experience.（将"author"改为"professor"，因为这是教授在讲座中的例子。）

原文：When he is a boy, he learned to play guitar, his teacher told him how to play it, and he practiced for hours, When he was a boy, he learned to play the guitar; his teacher taught him how to play it, and he practiced for hours,（将"is"改为"was"，将"guitar"改为"the guitar"，将"told him how to play it"改为"taught him how to play it"，并在句子之间添加分号以提高连贯性。）

原文：after his practice, he played the guitar very well, after practicing, he became proficient at playing the guitar,（将"after his practice, he played the guitar very well,"改为"after practicing, he became proficient at playing the guitar,"以提高语言自然度。）

原文：however, when he was in college, he stopped playing the guitar and he never played the guitar for many years, however, when he went to college, he stopped playing the guitar and didn't play it for many years,（将"when he was in college"改为"when he went to college"，将"he never played the guitar for many years,"改为"he didn't play it for many years,"以提高语言自然度。）

原文：the other day, he picked up the guitar and found that he still knows how to play the guitar, which is amazing. one day, he picked up the guitar and discovered that he still knew how to play it, which was astonishing.（将"the other day"改为"one day"，将"found that he still knows how to play the guitar"改为"discovered that he still knew how to play it"，并将"amazing"改为"astonishing"以提高词汇水平。）

原文：He can still play his favorite songs, but he doesn't know why. He could still play his favorite songs, but he couldn't explain why.（将"can still play his favorite songs"改为"could still play his favorite songs"，并将"doesn't know why."改为"couldn't explain why."以提高语言自然度。）

修订版（140词）：

The passage introduces the concept of procedural memory, which refers to memories of performing specific actions. The professor illustrated the concept of procedural memory with an example from his own experience. When he was a boy, he learned to play the guitar; his teacher taught him how to play it, and he practiced for hours. After practicing, he became proficient at playing the guitar. However, when he went to college, he stopped playing the guitar and didn't play it for many years. One day, he picked up the guitar and discovered that he still knew how to play it, which was astonishing. He could still play his favorite songs, but he couldn't explain why.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memory
    - Definition
        - Memories of performing specific actions
    - Professor's Example
        - Learned guitar as a boy
            - Teacher taught him
            - Practiced for hours
        - Stopped playing in college
        - Rediscovered ability years later
            - Astonishing
            - Couldn't explain why

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位考生的发音和语速基本上是清晰和流畅的，但偶尔会有些停顿。为了提高表达能力，建议考生在练习时注意掌握连贯的语言表达和适当的停顿，以及提高发音的准确性。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，考生的回答内容基本上是连贯和有条理的，能够清楚地阐述观点，并提供了足够的例子来支持观点。但是，为了进一步提高话题发展能力，建议考生在练习时更加注重逻辑性和条理性，确保观点之间有明确的联系，并尝试使用更多丰富的例子来支持观点。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: Procedural memory is referred to the process of performing a task that becomes automatic with practice. The professor used his own experience to explain this definition. When he was a little boy, he took the guitar lessons, and the teacher taught him how to hold the guitar and how to place his finger on the string of the guitar. He practiced playing the guitar over the years rapidly, and finally he can play the guitar automatically and play the music without thinking about it. Even though he didn't play it during the college, he still knew how to play the guitar after so many years.

Corrected Answer: Procedural memory is referred to Procedural memory refers to (改为更自然的表达方式) the process of performing a task that becomes automatic with practice. The professor used his own experience to explain this definition concept (用词更准确). When he was a little boy, he took the guitar lessons (去掉不必要的定冠词), and the teacher taught him how to hold the guitar and how to place his finger on the string of the guitar. He practiced playing the guitar over the years rapidly consistently (用词更恰当), and finally he can could (时态一致) play the guitar automatically and play the music without thinking about it. Even though he didn't play it during the college (去掉不必要的定冠词), he still knew how to play the guitar after so many years.

Revised Answer (140 words): Procedural memory refers to the process of learning and performing a task that becomes automatic with practice. The professor illustrated this concept through his personal experience with playing the guitar. As a child, he took guitar lessons, during which his teacher taught him how to hold the instrument and place his fingers on the strings. Over the years, he consistently practiced playing the guitar, eventually reaching a point where he could play automatically without conscious thought. Despite not playing during college, he retained his ability to play the guitar even after many years had passed. This example demonstrates how procedural memory allows individuals to perform tasks automatically and recall them easily, even after a significant amount of time has elapsed.

6.思维导图

Procedural Memory
├─ Definition
│   └─ Automatic task performance with practice
├─ Professor's Example
│   ├─ Childhood guitar lessons
│   ├─ Consistent practice
│   └─ Automatic playing ability
└─ Long-term Recall
    └─ Ability to play after many years

7.关键词

1.子项得分

Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，回答基本上是清晰、流畅的，语速适中，偶尔有停顿。但在某些地方，标点符号的使用不当可能导致了不恰当的停顿。此外，拼写错误可能是发音不准确的原因。建议练习更多的发音和语音技巧，以提高口语表达能力。

4.话题发展

从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯、有条理的，观点之间关系明确，举例也足够支持观点。但可以尝试更深入地分析讲座中的例子，并更清晰地说明这个例子如何说明程序记忆的概念。建议多做练习，提高话题发展和组织能力。

5.语言使用

原文：Procedural memories means the memories of the process of performing a task that becomes automatic with practice. Procedural memory refers to the type of memory that involves the process of performing a task and becomes automatic with practice.（程序记忆是指涉及执行任务过程的记忆类型，并随着练习变得自动化。）
The lecturer used his own experience to explain this concept. The lecturer illustrated this concept using his personal experience.（讲师用他的个人经历来说明这个概念。）
When he first touched the guitar, his guitar teacher told him how to hold the guitar and play the guitar and how to put the fingers on the guitar. When he first started learning the guitar, his teacher taught him how to hold it, play it, and position his fingers on the strings.（当他第一次开始学习吉他时，他的老师教他如何握住吉他、演奏吉他以及如何将手指放在琴弦上。）
He was very excited about it. He was quite enthusiastic about it.（他对此非常热情。）
After he went back from school, he always played the guitar for hours. After returning from school, he would always spend hours playing the guitar.（放学回家后，他总是花几个小时弹吉他。）
This situation continued for many years. This routine continued for several years.（这种日常持续了好几年。）
Until he went to the college, he stopped playing the guitar. It was not until he went to college that he stopped playing the guitar.（直到他上大学，他才停止弹吉他。）
After many years, he found his old guitar in his home. Years later, he discovered his old guitar at home.（多年后，他在家里发现了他的旧吉他。）
He picked up the guitar and played the guitar again. He picked up the guitar and started playing it again.（他拿起吉他，重新开始弹奏。）
Even though he hadn't touched the guitar for many years, he still knew how to play his favorite songs. Despite not having touched the guitar for many years, he could still play his favorite songs.（尽管多年未碰吉他，但他仍然会弹奏自己喜欢的歌曲。）

Revised Answer (140 words):

Procedural memory refers to the type of memory that involves the process of performing a task and becomes automatic with practice. The lecturer illustrated this concept using his personal experience. When he first started learning the guitar, his teacher taught him how to hold it, play it, and position his fingers on the strings. He was quite enthusiastic about it. After returning from school, he would always spend hours playing the guitar. This routine continued for several years. It was not until he went to college that he stopped playing the guitar. Years later, he discovered his old guitar at home. He picked up the guitar and started playing it again. Despite not having touched the guitar for many years, he could still play his favorite songs.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memory
    - Definition
        - Task performance
        - Automatic with practice
    - Lecturer's Experience
        - Learning guitar
            - Holding, playing, finger positioning
        - Enthusiasm
        - Daily practice routine
            - Continued for years
        - College break
            - Stopped playing guitar
        - Rediscovery of old guitar
            - Playing again
            - Retained ability to play favorite songs

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位考生的回答基本上是清晰的，但在某些地方可能需要稍微停顿一下。此外，考生需要注意正确发音以避免拼写错误。建议考生多加练习，提高发音准确性和语言流利度。

4.话题发展 从话题发展的角度来看，考生的回答内容基本上是连贯和有组织的，但在某些地方可以更加明确地表达观点。例如，在解释吉他教授如何体现程序性记忆时，可以更具体地说明他在多年不弹吉他后仍然能够自动地弹奏。建议考生在练习时尝试更加深入地阐述观点，并确保提供充分的支持或例证。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: Well, in the reading material, it talks about the procedural memory, which means the memory of performing particular actions. The professor used himself as an example. When he was a child, he was learning to play guitar, and the teacher told him how to hold the fingers and how to play the guitar. And he played the guitar for hours, and finally he learned how to pick up the guitar and how to use the fingers. However, after college, he stopped playing the guitar and never played it. And one day, he found the old guitar, and when he picked it up, he found he knew how to play the guitar. He knew how to, where to place the fingers and how to use the guitar. He can't explain why and how he can play the guitar, but he can just still play. This reflects the ideas of the procedural memory.

Corrected Answer: In the reading passage, it discusses procedural memory, which refers to the memory of performing specific actions. The professor illustrated this concept using his own experience. As a child, he learned to play the guitar; his teacher taught him finger placement and playing techniques. He practiced for hours until mastering these skills. However, after college, he stopped playing and didn't touch a guitar for years. One day, upon finding his old guitar, he discovered that he still remembered how to play it effortlessly. Although unable to explain precisely why or how he could play, his ability remained intact. This example demonstrates procedural memory. (在这个修改后的回答中，我们使用了更自然的语言风格，同时对一些词汇和句子结构进行了调整，使其更符合高级词汇和语法要求。例如，我们将“it talks about”修改为“it discusses”，将“he was learning to play guitar”修改为“he learned to play the guitar”，并将“he can just still play”修改为“his ability remained intact”。这些修改使回答更加流畅、连贯和准确。)

Revised Answer (140 words): In the reading passage, it discusses procedural memory, which refers to the memory of performing specific actions. The professor illustrated this concept using his own experience. As a child, he learned to play the guitar; his teacher taught him finger placement and playing techniques. He practiced for hours until mastering these skills. However, after college, he stopped playing and didn't touch a guitar for years. One day, upon finding his old guitar, he discovered that he still remembered how to play it effortlessly. Although unable to explain precisely why or how he could play, his ability remained intact. This example demonstrates procedural memory and highlights how such memories can be retained over time without conscious effort, showcasing the power and resilience of procedural memory in our daily lives.

6.思维导图

- Procedural Memory
    - Definition
        - Memory of performing specific actions
    - Professor's Example
        - Learning guitar as a child
            - Taught finger placement and playing techniques
            - Practiced for hours
        - Stopped playing after college
        - Rediscovered ability years later
            - Effortless playing
            - Unable to explain why or how
    - Conclusion
        - Demonstrates procedural memory
        - Retained over time without conscious effort

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，回答中的语音清晰，语速适中，但偶尔有停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议练习更多的连贯发音和自然的停顿。同时注意发音准确性，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上与听力材料相符，但在组织结构和论证方面还有待加强。建议在回答中明确指出讲座中的例子是如何说明程序性记忆的概念，并给出更详细的解释。此外，可以尝试使用更丰富的词汇和表达方式，使回答更具说服力。

5.语言使用

原文：The lecture introduces the procedure memory. The lecture discusses procedural memory, (将"procedure memory"改为正确的词汇"procedural memory") It means that it is different from learning names and facts. which is different from learning names and facts. (改进句子结构，使其更自然) However, it is a text that can be learned by practice. This type of memory is formed through practice. (重新表述以提高语言流畅性) In the lecture, the professor takes himself as an example. When he was a boy, he learned to play guitar after school for several hours every day. After several years, he can play guitar without thinking. But when he was old, he still can remember how to play guitar with his fingers. What's more, he can play his favorite songs.

修订版（140字）：

The lecture discusses procedural memory, which is different from learning names and facts. This type of memory is formed through practice. In the lecture, the professor shares his personal experience as an example. When he was a boy, he practiced playing the guitar for several hours every day after school. Over time, he became able to play the guitar effortlessly without consciously thinking about it. Even after many years of not playing, he discovered that he could still remember how to play the guitar with his fingers and even perform his favorite songs. This example illustrates the concept of procedural memory, as the professor's ability to play the guitar was retained and recalled easily despite the passage of time.

6.思维导图

• Procedural Memory

  • Different from learning names and facts
  • Formed through practice

• Lecture Example

  • Professor's guitar experience
    • Practiced daily as a boy
    • Effortless playing over time
    • Retained ability after years of not playing

7.关键词

1.子项得分

Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是清晰的，但在某些地方可能需要稍作调整。例如，可以考虑使用更自然的语言表达，以及在适当的地方加入适当的停顿。此外，注意发音的准确性，以避免拼写错误。建议多加练习，提高口语表达能力。

4.话题发展

从话题发展方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是连贯和有条理的。然而，在解释讲座中的例子时，可以尝试更详细地说明吉他演奏与程序记忆之间的关系。例如，在提到教授多年后仍然能够弹奏吉他时，可以强调这是因为他已经形成了程序记忆。此外，在回答中加入更多关于程序记忆概念的细节也会有所帮助。建议在准备托福口语考试时，多加练习话题发展方面的技巧。

5.语言使用

原文：Procedural memory is a concept that is memory of performing particular actions are called procedural memory. Procedural memory is a concept in which memories of performing particular actions are referred to as procedural memories.（将句子结构进行了调整，使其更自然。）（调整了句子结构，使其更自然。）

The professor used himself as an example to illustrate the concepts. The professor used his own experience as an example to illustrate the concept.（将“concepts”改为“concept”，使语法更准确。）（将“concepts”改为“concept”，使语法更准确。）

When the professor is a boy, he had guitar lessons. When the professor was a boy, he took guitar lessons.（将“is”改为“was”，使时态更准确；将“had”改为“took”，使动词更恰当。）（将“is”改为“was”，使时态更准确；将“had”改为“took”，使动词更恰当。）

Every day after school, the professor will practice the guitar for an hour, Every day after school, the professor would practice the guitar for an hour,（将“will”改为“would”，使时态更准确。）（将“will”改为“would”，使时态更准确。）

and a couple of years later, he can play, he could play the music on the guitar well. and a couple of years later, he was able to play the music on the guitar skillfully.（删除了重复的部分，并使用了更高级的词汇。）（删除了重复的部分，并使用了更高级的词汇。）

But after college, he stopped to play guitar for several years, But after college, he stopped playing the guitar for several years,（将“stopped to play”改为“stopped playing”，使动词结构更准确。）（将“stopped to play”改为“stopped playing”，使动词结构更准确。）

and the other day when he found his old guitar, he surprisingly found that he still know how to play the guitar, and one day when he found his old guitar, he was surprised to find that he still knew how to play it,（进行了一些调整，使句子更自然。）（进行了一些调整，使句子更自然。）

and he pick it up and still knew how to play his fingers on the string, although not play well, but he still know how to play his favorite songs. and he picked it up and still knew how to place his fingers on the strings, although not as well as before, but he still knew how to play his favorite songs.（进行了一些调整，使句子更自然。）（进行了一些调整，使句子更自然。）

修订版（140词）：

Procedural memory is a concept in which memories of performing particular actions are referred to as procedural memories. The professor used his own experience as an example to illustrate the concept. When the professor was a boy, he took guitar lessons. During the lessons, his teacher taught him how to hold the guitar and place his fingers on the strings. Every day after school, the professor would practice the guitar for an hour, and a couple of years later, he was able to play the music on the guitar skillfully. But after college, he stopped playing the guitar for several years. One day when he found his old guitar, he was surprised to find that

6.思维导图

• Procedural Memory
  • Concept
    • Performing actions
  • Professor's Example
    • Guitar lessons
      • Practice
      • Skill development
    • Stopped playing
    • Rediscovery
      • Retained ability
      • Procedural memories

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付：3.5

• 语言使用：3.5

• 主题发展：3.5

2.预估分数

• 总分：27

3.表达 回答中的表达较为清晰，语速稳定，但偶尔存在停顿。为提高表达能力，建议练习更流畅地连贯发言，减少不必要的停顿。同时注意正确发音，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 回答内容较为完整，结构清晰，观点之间的联系也较为明确。然而，在举例子时可以尝试提供更多具体细节，以增强说服力。此外，可以适当使用过渡词汇，使回答更加连贯。

5.语言使用

Original: The reading passage discusses procedural memories, which are memories formed during the process of performing a task and become automatic with practice. The reading passage introduces procedural memories, which are formed during the process of performing a task and become automatic with practice.（将discusses改为introduces，使语言更自然。）

Original: For example, when the professor was young, he learned to play the guitar. For instance, when the professor was young, he acquired the skill of playing the guitar.（将example改为instance，使语言更丰富；将learned改为acquired the skill of，使表达更准确。）

Original: He diligently practiced for hours every day after class. He diligently practiced for hours daily after class.（将every day改为daily，使语言更简洁。）

Original: However, upon attending the university, he stopped playing guitar for a extended period. However, upon entering university, he ceased playing guitar for an extended period.（将attending改为entering，使表达更自然；将stopped playing改为ceased playing，使语言更高级；将a改为an，修正语法错误。）

Revised Answer (140 words):

The reading passage introduces procedural memories, which are formed during the process of performing a task and become automatic with practice. For instance, when the professor was young, he acquired the skill of playing the guitar. During his initial lesson, he learned how to hold the guitar and position his fingers on the strings. He diligently practiced for hours daily after class. As a result, several years later, he could effortlessly pick up his guitar and play songs without conscious thought. However, upon entering university, he ceased playing guitar for an extended period. Surprisingly, when he recently discovered his old guitar, he realized that he could still play the guitar and move his fingers in the right way. Although the professor cannot explain the precise mechanics behind the skills, he can still play his favorite songs.

6.思维导图

- Procedural memories
    - Formed during task performance
    - Become automatic with practice

- Professor's example
    - Acquired guitar skill
    - Diligent practice
    - Effortless playing after years

- Ceased playing in university
    - Extended period without guitar

- Rediscovered guitar
    - Retained skill and finger movements
    - Cannot explain mechanics, but can play songs

7.关键词

1.Sub Scores Delivery: 3 Language Use: 2.5 Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

23. 3.Delivery

The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, but there are some occasional pauses and minor punctuation issues. To improve, the speaker should focus on maintaining a consistent pace and minimizing pauses. Additionally, working on pronunciation accuracy will help to eliminate any spelling errors that may arise from mispronunciation.

4.Topic Development The response is coherent and well-organized, with clear connections between ideas. However, there is room for improvement in providing more specific examples or support for the concept of procedural memory. The speaker could have elaborated more on how the professor's experience with playing the guitar after a long time demonstrates the automatic nature of procedural memories. To improve, the speaker should focus on providing more detailed explanations and examples to better support their ideas.

5.Language Use

Original: In the lecture, the professor talked about the procedure procedural memory. It's that students also have the memory of performing a task without practicing for a long time. He used the example of himself. When he was young, he practiced the guitar and the teacher taught him how to play his figure fingers. And he spent time to practice how to play music every day. And after a year, he can play the guitar without thinking it. And after he got to college, he was really busy and stopped playing the guitar. But after one year, one day he found the guitar and he knew that he still can learn how to play the guitar. Although he don't know why and how he can play the figure fingers in the correct position, but he still learn to play the guitar. It's amazing.

(The word "procedure" should be "procedural" to match the term from the reading passage. The word "figure" should be "fingers" as it refers to hand placement on the guitar.)

Revised (140 words): In the lecture, the professor discussed procedural memory, which refers to people's ability to perform tasks without practicing for an extended period. He illustrated this concept with his own experience of learning to play the guitar when he was young. His teacher taught him finger placement, and through daily practice, he eventually played without conscious effort. However, upon entering college, his busy schedule led him to stop playing altogether. Surprisingly, after several years of not playing, he discovered that he could still play the guitar when he found it one day. Although he couldn't explain the exact finger movements or positions, he was able to play his favorite songs. This example demonstrates the concept of procedural memory, as the professor's ability to play the guitar remained intact despite not practicing for a long time.

6.Mind Map

- Procedural Memory
  - Definition
  - Professor's example
    - Learning guitar
    - Daily practice
    - Stopped playing in college
    - Rediscovered ability years later
  - Connection to concept
    - Automatic performance
    - Long-term retention

7.Key Words