旧版托福题型
本题目来自托福考试的旧版本。当前托福已采用不同的考试结构。这些历史样本仅作为练习参考保留。
题目概览
阅读段落
Gulf sturgeon are large fish that weigh up to 200 pounds (91 kilograms). They live in Florida rivers during the summer months, after spending the winter in the seawater in the Gulf of Mexico. In Florida, they attract a lot of attention by their habit of jumping several feet out of the water and returning with a loud splash. Three different explanations for why sturgeon jump are often proposed. Feeding Some fish species jump out of the water to catch flying insects. There are certainly plenty of insects in the subtropical air of summertime Florida. Moreover the sturgeon jump most frequently in the early morning and evening when most freshwater fish feed. For these reasons, many people believe that the sturgeon are jumping to catch food in the same way that a trout jumps from the water to catch a fly. Parasite removal All animals have parasites, and many have evolved behaviors for getting rid of them. Fish have parasites that attach to their scales, so it seems reasonable to suppose that sturgeon jump to remove parasites. Indeed, not only do the sturgeon vigorously shake themselves in the air, they almost always hit the water with great force on their sides. This way of striking the water reinforces the idea that the sturgeon are trying to shake or knock off parasites. Aggression Every year a number of tourists riding in boats are injured when they are hit by jumping sturgeon. To the tourists this does not seem accidental. After all they are invading the sturgeon’s territory, and that is a circumstance that often provokes an animal to attack. Indeed the sturgeon jumping is most intense at the height of the tourist season, which to the tourists seems to confirm that they are the object of the sturgeon’s anger.
题目
wrote
用户样本与评估结果
用户样本
Why sturgeon jump is the focus of both the writer and the professor. In the reading passage, three theories, including feeding, parasite removel and aggression have been elaborated. The professor, however, cliams that only tourists saw the jump of sturgeon and all assumptions are incorrect. As opposed to the author's argument that sturgeon jump out of the water to catch flying insects, the professor states that sturgeon did not need any food during summer in Florida rivers. She advances the theory by saying that sturgeon were feeded all winters in the Gulf of Mexio, where they were bottom feeders and they search food in the sea floor instead of catcing flying insects for food. The professor continues to discredit the writer's assertion that sturgeon jump in order to remove their parasites, the professor claims that the most dangerous parasites were internal parasites rather than parasites on their scales. In detail, she points that only fish farm sturgeon had external parasites, but fish farm sturgeon did not jump. It is the professor's third argument that it is a misunderstanding for tourists, when they saw a collide between a small boat and 200 pound creatures, which contradicts to the view of the author that sturgeon jump to attack tourists, who invaded their territory. The professor contends that it seem accidental when boat speeded up through sturgeon and sturgeon jumped out of the water; and thus whether the boat is in water or out of the water, sturgeon still jumped out of the water at that time. An apparent divide exists between the author and the professor on the reasons why sturgeon jump out of the water.
评估结果
1.子项得分 任务完成度：4 组织：4 连贯与衔接：4 语言使用：3
2.预估分数
25. 3.任务完成度
整体来说，你的文章较好地完成了任务要求，阐述了阅读和听力材料中的观点，并进行了对比。但在论述过程中，有些细节表述不够准确。例如，教授并没有说只有游客看到了跳跃的鲟鱼，而是指游客可能误解了鲟鱼跳跃的原因。建议在写作时更加关注细节的准确性。
示例1： 错误：The professor, however, claims that only tourists saw the jump of sturgeon and all assumptions are incorrect. 正确：The professor, however, claims that tourists might misunderstand the reasons for sturgeon jumping and all assumptions in the reading passage are incorrect.
示例2： 错误：It is the professor's third argument that it is a misunderstanding for tourists when they saw a collide between a small boat and 200 pound creatures. 正确：It is the professor's third argument that tourists might misunderstand the situation when they see a collision between a small boat and a 200-pound sturgeon.
4.文章结构与组织 你的文章结构清晰，逻辑顺序也较好。但在段落衔接和过渡方面还有待加强。建议使用一些过渡词汇和短语来帮助读者更好地理解文章的逻辑关系。
示例1： 原文：As opposed to the author's argument that sturgeon jump out of the water to catch flying insects, the professor states that sturgeon did not need any food during summer in Florida rivers. 改进：Contrary to the author's argument that sturgeon jump out of the water to catch flying insects, the professor states that sturgeon did not need any food during summer in Florida rivers.
示例2： 原文：The professor continues to discredit the writer's assertion that sturgeon jump in order to remove their parasites, the professor claims that the most dangerous parasites were internal parasites rather than parasites on their scales. 改进：Furthermore, regarding the writer's assertion that sturgeon jump in order to remove their parasites, the professor claims that the most dangerous parasites were internal parasites rather than those on their scales.
5. 语法批改
Why sturgeon jump is the focus of both the writer and the professor. In the reading passage, three theories, including feeding, parasite removelremoved(misspelling) and aggression have been elaborated. The professor, however, cliamsclaims(misspelling) that only tourists saw the jump of sturgeon and all assumptions are incorrect.
As opposed to the author's argument that sturgeon jump out of the water to catch flying insects, the professor states that sturgeon did not need any food during summer in Florida rivers. She advances the theory by saying that sturgeon were feededfed(misspelling) all winters in the Gulf of MexioMexico(misspelling), where they were bottom feeders and, and(comma between independent clauses) they search food in the sea floor instead of catcingcatching(misspelling) flying insects for food.
The professor continues to discredit the writer's assertion that sturgeon jump in order to remove their parasites, the professor claims that the most dangerous parasites were internal parasites rather than parasites on their scales. In detail, she points that only fish farm sturgeon had external parasites, but fish farm sturgeon did not jump.
It is the professor's third argument that it is a misunderstanding for tourists, when they saw a collidea collided(a infinitive) between a small boat and 200 pound creatures, which contradicts to the view of the author that sturgeon jump to attack tourists, who invaded their territory. The professor contends that it seem accidental when boatthe boat(This rule identifies whether the article 'the' is missing in a sentence.) speeded up through sturgeon and sturgeon jumped out of the water; and thus whether the boat is in waterthe water(This rule identifies whether the article 'the' is missing in a sentence.) or out of the water, sturgeon still jumped out of the water at that time.
An apparent divide exists between the author and the professor on the reasons why sturgeon jump out of the water.
Section Title: 6.文章修订
The reasons behind sturgeon jumping out of the water are the focus of both the reading passage and the lecture. The reading passage presents three theories, including feeding, parasite removal, and aggression. However, the professor claims that these assumptions are incorrect.
Contrary to the author's argument that sturgeon jump out of the water to catch flying insects, the professor states that sturgeon do not need any food during summer in Florida rivers. She supports this by explaining that sturgeon feed all winter in the Gulf of Mexico, where they are bottom feeders and search for food on the sea floor instead of catching flying insects.
The professor also disputes the writer's assertion that sturgeon jump to remove parasites from their scales. She claims that the most dangerous parasites affecting sturgeon are internal rather than external ones found on their scales. Furthermore, she points out that only fish farm sturgeon have external parasites, but these farm-raised sturgeon do not exhibit jumping behavior.
Lastly, it is the professor's contention that tourists misunderstand when they witness a collision between a small boat and a 200-pound sturgeon. This contradicts the author's view that sturgeon jump to attack tourists who invade their territory. The professor argues that such collisions seem accidental when boats speed past jumping sturgeon; thus, whether a boat is nearby or not, sturgeon still jump out of the water.
A clear disagreement exists between the author and the professor regarding why sturgeon jump out of the water. (248 words)
Why sturgeon jump is Revised essay: Article Revision
The reasons behind sturgeon jumping out of the water are the focus of both the writer and the professor. In the reading passage, passage and the lecture. The reading passage presents three theories, including feeding, parasite removel and aggression have been elaborated. The professor, however, cliams that only tourists saw the jump of sturgeon and all removal, and aggression. However, the professor claims that these assumptions are incorrect. ¶ As opposed incorrect (Changed "cliams" to "claims" for correct spelling).
Contrary to the author's argument that sturgeon jump out of the water to catch flying insects, the professor states that sturgeon did do not need any food during summer in Florida rivers. She advances the theory supports this by saying that sturgeon were feeded explaining that sturgeon feed all winters winter in the Gulf of Mexio, Mexico (Changed "Mexio" to "Mexico" for correct spelling), where they were are bottom feeders and they search for food in on the sea floor instead of catcing catching flying insects for food. insects.
The professor continues to discredit also disputes the writer's assertion that sturgeon jump in order to remove parasites from their parasites, the professor scales. She claims that the most dangerous parasites were affecting sturgeon are internal parasites rather than parasites external ones found on their scales. In detail, Furthermore, she points out that only fish farm sturgeon had have external parasites, but fish farm sturgeon did these farm-raised sturgeon do not jump. ¶ It is the professor's third argument that exhibit jumping behavior (Changed "did not jump" to "do not exhibit jumping behavior" for clarity).
Lastly, it is a misunderstanding for tourists, the professor's contention that tourists misunderstand when they saw witness a collide collision between a small boat and 200 pound creatures, which a 200-pound sturgeon. This contradicts to the the author's view of the author that sturgeon jump to attack tourists, tourists who invaded invade their territory. The professor contends that it argues that such collisions seem accidental when boat speeded up through sturgeon and sturgeon jumped out of the water; and thus boats speed past jumping sturgeon; thus, whether the a boat is in nearby or not, sturgeon still jump out of the water or out of the water, sturgeon still jumped out of the water at that time. ¶ An apparent divide (Rephrased sentence for clarity).
A clear disagreement exists between the author and the professor on the reasons regarding why sturgeon jump out of the water.water (Changed "divide" to "disagreement" for better word choice).
8. Mind Map
Mind Map:
- Introduction
- Sturgeon jumping behavior
- Reading passage: three theories
- Lecture: refutes theories
- Feeding Theory
- Reading: catch flying insects
- Lecture: don't need food in summer, bottom feeders in Gulf of Mexico
- Parasite Removal Theory
- Reading: remove external parasites from scales
- Lecture: dangerous parasites are internal, farm-raised sturgeon don't jump
- Aggression Theory
- Reading: attack tourists invading territory
- Lecture: collisions are accidental, sturgeon jump regardless of boats nearby
- Conclusion
- Disagreement between author and professor on reasons for sturgeon jumping behavior
9. Keywords
| Word | Phonetic Symbol | Part of Speech | English Definition | Simplified Chinese Translation (if needed) | Sample Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sturgeon | /ˈstɜːrdʒən/ | Noun | A large fish that lives in rivers and seas, valued for its caviar and flesh. | 鲟鱼 | The sturgeon is known for its jumping behavior. |
| Assumption | /əˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ | Noun | Something that is accepted as true without proof. | 假设，假定 | The reading passage presents three assumptions about why sturgeon jump out of the water. |
| Contradict | /kənˈtradɪkt/ | Verb | To say the opposite of what someone else has said; to deny the truth of a statement. | 反驳，驳斥，与...矛盾，与...相抵触 | The professor contradicts the author's argument about sturgeon jumping for feeding purposes. |
| Parasite | /ˈparəsʌɪt/ | Noun | An organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense. | 寄生虫 | The professor disputes the idea that sturgeon jump to remove parasites from their scales. |
| Aggression | /əˈɡreʃ(ə)n/ | Noun | Hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront. | 侵略，进攻，挑衅行为，侵犯行为，攻击性行为，好斗性行为 | The author suggests that sturgeon jump out of the water as an act of aggression towards tourists. |
| Collision | /kəˈlɪʒ(ə)n/ | Noun | An instance of one moving object striking violently against another. | 碰撞，冲突，抵触（意见等）的冲突；（利益等）的冲突；（性格等）的不和谐；（原则等）的抵触；矛盾；冲突关系；对立关系；冲突状态；对立状态；对抗状态；敌对状态; 冲突事件; 对抗事件; 敌对事件; 冲突局面; 对抗局面; 敌对局面; 冲突情景; 对抗情景; 敌对情景; 冲突事态; 对抗事态; 敌对事态 | The professor believes that collisions between boats and sturgeon are accidental. |
| Territory | /ˈterɪt(ə)ri/ | Noun | An area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state. | 领土，领地，势力范围，活动范围，生活领域；生活圈子；生活环境；生活背景；生活世界; 地盘; 疆域; 疆土; 疆地; 界域; 界线以内的地区 | The author claims that sturgeon jump to defend their territory from tourists. |
| Refute | /rɪˈfjut/ | Verb | To prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove. | 反驳，驳斥，证明...错误或虚假，证伪；否认...的正确性或真实性；证明...无效或无益；揭穿...的虚伪或谬误；揭露...的错误或罪行；揭发...的罪恶或罪责; 证明（论点、论据、论证、观点、看法、主张、说法、道理等）站不住脚（或不能成立） | The lecture refutes the theories presented in the reading passage about why sturgeon jump out of the water. |
| Disagreement | /dɪsəˈɡriːmənt/ | Noun | A lack of consensus or approval between people or things. | 分歧，不一致，不符，不合，不和，争论，争执 | A clear disagreement exists between the author and the professor regarding why sturgeon jump out of the water. |
