TOEFL Speaking Task 4 Sample: Using points and examples from the lecture. Explain two reasons why a company might change a product's packaging.

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 3

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 3

• 话题发展 (Topic Development): 2

2.预估分数

• 总分: 23

3.表达 从交付方面来看，这位同学的回答相对清晰，语速适中，但在某些地方存在不必要的停顿。建议在练习时注意保持流利的语言表达和一致的语速。同时，注意发音的准确性，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，这位同学的回答没有很好地涵盖听力材料中提到的两种影响：信息性影响和规范性影响。回答中提到了产品包装变化的两个原因，但与听力内容关联不大。建议在练习时仔细审题，确保回答内容与问题紧密相关，并尝试用听力材料中的例子来支持自己的观点。

5.语言使用

原文：Well, the professor talks about the packaging of the products because some companies have to change the product's packaging in order to improve the sale. The professor discusses how companies change their product packaging to increase sales. (原句过长，改为更简洁的表达) There are two examples for this. However, the given examples are not relevant to the question. (原句中的例子与问题无关，需要指出) First of all, some companies change the product packaging because of the new designs. They are in response to the new technologies because there are some new materials to change the product. There is an example, in the past, the milk are kept in the glass bottles, but the glass bottles cost a lot and it's easy to broken. So now the companies change the milk bottles in more cheaper plastic. And besides of that, the second adaption is that they have to compete with other companies. So they change the size. Back to the example of the milk bottle, they change some smaller bottles from the larger bottles because they can be more portable and they can take them in the car in order to improve the selling.

Revised Answer (140 words):

The professor discusses how majority influence affects people's decisions and behavior within a group. He mentions two types of majority influence: informational influence and normative influence. Informational influence occurs when people rely on others' opinions to make decisions, as they believe that others have more accurate information. For example, if a person is unsure about which direction to take while driving and everyone else in the car suggests going straight, the person will likely follow the majority's opinion. Normative influence, on the other hand, happens when people conform to a group's norms to gain acceptance and approval. For instance, if someone dislikes a movie but everyone else in the group praises it, they might pretend to like it as well to fit in with the group.

6.思维导图

- Majority Influence
  - Informational Influence
    - Rely on others' opinions
    - Example: Driving direction
  - Normative Influence
    - Conform to group norms
    - Example: Movie opinions

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 3

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 3

• 话题发展 (Topic Development): 3

2.预估分数

• 总分: 23

3.表达 从交付方面来看，你的回答大部分清晰流畅，但有时候还是有些停顿。为了提高这方面的表现，你可以多练习朗读和模仿地道的英语发音。此外，在发音方面，有一些单词发音不准确，例如 "adaption" 应该是 "adaptation"。多听英语材料和纠正发音错误将有助于提高你的口语表达。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，你的回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的，但在一些地方可以更加明确和详细。例如，在谈到新技术时，可以强调新材料如塑料的优点，如更便宜、更耐用等。在谈到竞争时，可以提到更小的包装使产品更具便携性，以便与其他饮料竞争。总之，在回答中加入更多具体细节和例子将使你的话题发展更加完善。

5.语言使用

原文：Well, the professor talks about the packaging of the products because some companies have to change the product's packaging in order to improve the sale. Well, the professor discusses how companies change a product's packaging to improve sales. (为了使句子更简洁，我们将原句中的一些不必要的词汇删除，并用更准确的词汇替换。)

There are two examples for this. The lecture provides two reasons for this. (我们将“examples”改为“reasons”，使句子更符合问题要求。)

First of all, some companies change the product packaging because of the new designs. Firstly, companies may change product packaging due to new technology and materials. (我们将“new designs”改为“new technology and materials”，以更准确地概括听力内容。)

They are in response to the new technologies because there are some new materials to change the product. This is in response to technological advancements that introduce better packaging options. (我们用更简洁的表述来描述新技术对产品包装的影响。)

There is an example, in the past, the milk are kept in the glass bottles, but the glass bottles cost a lot and it's easy to broken. For instance, milk used to be stored in glass bottles, which were expensive and easily broken. (我们对原句进行了简化和语法修正。)

So now the companies change the milk bottles in more cheaper plastic. As a result, companies now use more affordable and durable plastic bottles. (我们对原句进行了简化和语法修正。)

And besides of that, the second adaption is that they have to compete with other companies. Additionally, the second reason is to better compete with other companies. (我们将“adaption”改为“reason”，并简化了句子结构。)

So they change the size. One way to do this is by changing the package size. (我们用更准确的表述来描述如何与其他公司竞争。)

Back to the example of the milk bottle, they change some smaller bottles from the larger bottles because they can be more portable and they can take them in the car in order to improve the selling. Returning to the milk bottle example, companies introduced smaller bottles for greater portability, allowing consumers to easily take them on-the-go, thus increasing sales. (我们对原句进行了简化和语法修正。)

修订版（140词）：

Well, the professor discusses how companies change a product's packaging to improve sales. The lecture provides two reasons for this. Firstly, companies may change product packaging due to new technology and materials. This is in response to technological advancements that introduce better packaging options. For instance, milk used to be stored in glass bottles, which were expensive and easily broken. As a result, companies now use more affordable and durable plastic bottles. Additionally, the second reason is to better compete with other companies. One way to do this is by changing the package size. Returning to the milk bottle example, companies introduced smaller bottles for greater portability, allowing consumers to easily take them on-the-go, thus increasing sales.

6.思维导图

• Introduction

  • Professor's discussion
  • Changing product packaging

• Reason 1: New technology and materials

  • Technological advancements
  • Better packaging options
  • Example: Milk bottles (glass to plastic)

• Reason 2: Competing with other companies

  • Changing package size
  • Example: Smaller milk bottles for portability

• Conclusion

  • Two reasons for changing packaging

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付：3

• 语言使用：3

• 话题发展：3

2.预估分数

• 总分：23

3.表达 回答中的发音和语速基本上是清晰和流畅的，但有时会出现一些不必要的停顿。建议在练习时注意提高语言的连贯性，避免在不适当的地方停顿。同时，注意纠正发音错误，以免影响听众的理解。

4.话题发展 回答内容基本上是连贯和有组织的，能够明确地阐述两个原因，并给出了相应的例子。但在表述过程中，有些地方可以更加简洁明了。建议在练习时注意提高表达的简洁性和条理性，使回答更加有说服力。

5.语言使用

原文：The one is that some companies want to change their packaging because there is some new technology to produce the better materials, One reason is that companies want to change their packaging due to the development of new technology and better materials, (修改了表述，使其更简洁明了) for example, the milk. such as in the case of milk packaging. (更清晰地引入例子) In the past, a company will choose the glass bottle to contain the milk, and the glass bottle is expensive and fragile, but now they will choose a plastic bottle to contain the milk, and the glass is durable and less expensive. What's more, the company wants to compete with other companies, companies aim to compete with their rivals, (更简洁的表述) so they will change the size of the package, for example, the milk. In the past, the milk will have a larger bottom and larger container, but now they will choose a small portable container, because for the juice company and tea company, they will choose a small portable container for the consumer to take them away, and it will be easier for them to take and walk. So in this way, the milk company will choose to sell milk companies opt for selling (更自然的表述) the small portable container, and it will be easier for the consumer to take them away.

修订版（140字）：

One reason is that companies want to change their packaging due to the development of new technology and better materials, such as in the case of milk packaging. In the past, companies used glass bottles for milk, which were expensive and fragile. Now, they opt for plastic bottles, which are more durable and cost-effective. Additionally, companies aim to compete with their rivals by changing the size of the package. For instance, milk used to be sold in larger containers, but now it is available in smaller, portable containers. This change was made to compete with juice and tea companies that sell their products in convenient, portable packages, making it easier for consumers to carry and consume on-the-go.

6.思维导图

- Reasons for changing packaging
  - New technology and better materials
    - Milk packaging
      - Glass bottles: expensive, fragile
      - Plastic bottles: durable, cost-effective
  - Competing with rivals
    - Changing package size
      - Milk containers
        - Larger containers in the past
        - Smaller, portable containers now
          - Competing with juice and tea companies
          - Convenience for consumers

7.关键词