TOEFL Speaking Task 4 Sample: (female professor) So, we’ve been talking about some discoveries and advances that were made during the Industrial Revolution in Europe. And something that doesn’t always get a lot of attention is the discovery of synthetic dye. Um, leading up to the Industrial Revolution, people used natural dyes to color cloth, dyes made from ground up plant or animal products. But in the nineteenth century, a scientist in England accidently discovered how to make synthetic dye, a dye made from chemicals. And this discovery had many different effects. It ended up having a big positive impact on western society at the time. So, one pretty obvious immediate effect was that once synthetic dye became available, fashion changed and more people started wearing colorful clothing. This was because coloring cloth became much cheaper. Natural dyes often require lots of materials which may be difficult to find. But synthetic dyes are generally cheaper and easier to manufacture. For example, creating a natural purple dye required a special liquid produced by snails. So people had to collect thousands of these small animals to make just a small amount of dye, so purple cloth was only available to very wealthy people. But with synthetic dyes, purple became available to everyone. Uh, another effect may be surprising. The discovery of synthetic dye eventually led to great advances in medicine. Once the synthetic dye was discovered, other scientists started doing more research on the substances and chemicals that the dye had been made from to learn more about them. And in doing so, they found even more uses for them. Uh, for example, one scientist working with the synthetic dye in his laboratory, a certain yellow dye, found that it killed the germs and bacteria on his equipment, so scientists later realized that this dye could have medical uses such as sterilizing and cleaning cuts and wounds to prevent infection. Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two effects of the discovery of synthetic dye.

1.子项得分 Delivery: 2 Language Use: 2 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

19. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，发言者的语速较快，有时会出现不必要的停顿。建议发言者注意语速，保持稳定的节奏，并尽量减少不必要的停顿。此外，发言者需要注意准确的发音，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，发言者提供了一个相对连贯和有组织的回答，并在一定程度上使用了讲座中的观点和例子。但是，可以更详细地解释这些例子以增强论据。例如，在提到合成染料在医学上的应用时，可以进一步说明黄色染料如何用于消毒和清洁伤口。总之，为了提高话题发展得分，请尝试更深入地探讨讲座中提到的观点和例子。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: There are two kind of effects that synthetic dye to western society. There are two kinds of effects that synthetic dye had on Western society. (有两种合成染料对西方社会的影响。)

The first kind of effect is more and more people can use the synthetic dye and it became available and cheaper for them because the producer can manufacture thousands of synthetic dyes. The first effect is that synthetic dye became more accessible and affordable for people, as manufacturers could produce large quantities of it. (第一个影响是，随着制造商可以生产大量的合成染料，它变得更容易获得和更便宜。)

So the wealthy people used become common people to use. As a result, colorful clothing was no longer exclusive to the wealthy. (因此，丰富多彩的服装不再是富人的专属。)

The second kind of effect is medical use. The second effect is related to medical applications. (第二种影响与医学应用有关。)

The product availability lets some scientists to do research on their laboratory. The availability of synthetic dyes allowed scientists to conduct research in their laboratories. (合成染料的可用性使科学家们能够在实验室进行研究。)

So for example, they find yellow dyes can kill germs and can help preventing infection in medical uses to patients. For instance, they discovered that yellow dyes could kill germs and help prevent infections in medical treatments for patients. (例如，他们发现黄色染料可以杀死细菌并帮助预防患者在医学治疗中的感染。)

Revised Answer (140 words):

There are two kinds of effects that synthetic dye had on Western society. The first effect is that synthetic dye became more accessible and affordable for people, as manufacturers could produce large quantities of it. This led to a significant change in fashion, with more people wearing colorful clothing. As a result, colorful clothing was no longer exclusive to the wealthy. The second effect is related to medical applications. The availability of synthetic dyes allowed scientists to conduct research in their laboratories, leading to new discoveries and advancements in medicine. For instance, they discovered that yellow dyes could kill germs and help prevent infections in medical treatments for patients. Overall, the discovery of synthetic dye had a profound impact on both fashion and medicine during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

6.思维导图

- Synthetic dye effects
  - Fashion
    - Accessible
    - Affordable
    - Colorful clothing
  - Medical applications
    - Research
    - Discoveries
    - Yellow dyes
      - Kill germs
      - Prevent infections

7.关键词