TOEFL TPO 53 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.
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Many countries require cigarette smokers to pay particularly high taxes on their purchases of cigarettes; similar taxes are being considered for unhealthy foods. The policy of imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has a number of social benefits.First of all, the taxes discourage people from indulging in unhealthy behaviors. Raising taxes on cigarettes, for instance, leads people to buy fewer of them. Smoking has declined as taxes on tobacco have risen, showing that these taxes do work to make society healthier. It can be expected that imposing similar taxes on unhealthy food and beverages would help reduce obesity rates.Second, taxes of this kind are financially fair. When people get sick as a result of their smoking or eating unhealthy foods, they create medical costs. It is unfair that everyone in the society—including nonsmokers and people who follow a healthy diet—should contribute equally to covering these costs. Taxing people who engage in unhealthy behaviors creates extra income that can be used to cover the medical costs. In this way, some of the financial burden is shifted from all of society to just those who choose to participate in the unhealthy activities.Finally, the high rate of taxation on cigarettes significantly increases revenue for the government. In addition to using this tax revenue on medical assistance, governments often use the revenue for other projects that benefit public welfare, such as building stadiums or creating public parks. Even basic government-supported services like public education benefit from these taxes. Thus, the taxes on cigarettes—and the proposed taxes on unhealthy foods—benefit everyone.
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Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.
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In the lecture, the professor expresses skepticism about the reading's idea of the reading passage that imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has social benefits. However, the professor argues that this policy is challenging for several reasons. First, in the reading passage, it is pointed out that raising taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy food can discourage people from being addicted to unhealthy behaviors. On the contrary, the professor maintains that high taxes on cigarettes might let people have greater health risks by buying cheaper and lower-quality cigarettes that contain more harmful substances. What's more, people might continue buying unhealthy food they prefer and they have less money to buy healthy food. Second, the professor challenges the reading's idea that taxes of this kind are financially fair because nonsmokers and healthy people also cover these costs. She asserts that some people think this policy is unfair because it does not count in different incomes. Since high-income and low-income smokers are taxed equally, it is expensive for low-income people. Therefore, this policy would create a burden for smokers who have lower income than those who have higher income. Third, the professor addresses the government depends on and does not want to lose the millions of dollars brought by taxing on cigarettes. The implementation of the revenue may not used for public welfare such as stadiums and public parks because the government does not want to that income radically. However, according to the reading passage, the government using revenue from taxation brings benefits to people by constructing public welfare.
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1.子项得分
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任务完成度: 4
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文章结构与组织: 4
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表达清晰度和连贯性: 4
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语言运用: 3
2.预估分数
- 总分：25
3.任务完成度 整体而言，你的文章已经很好地回应了题目要求，概括了听力材料中的观点，并对阅读材料提出的论点进行了反驳。然而，你可以更深入地探讨听力中提到的观点，以使文章更具说服力。此外，在引用听力材料时，请确保准确传达其内容。
改进建议示例1： 原文：On the contrary, the professor maintains that high taxes on cigarettes might let people have greater health risks by buying cheaper and lower-quality cigarettes that contain more harmful substances. 修改后：On the contrary, the professor argues that high taxes on cigarettes might lead people to buy cheaper and lower-quality cigarettes, which often contain more harmful substances and pose even greater health risks.
改进建议示例2： 原文：The implementation of the revenue may not used for public welfare such as stadiums and public parks because the government does not want to that income radically. 修改后：The professor contends that governments may become too reliant on this tax revenue and may be hesitant to implement policies or laws that could eliminate unhealthy habits altogether, as they do not want to lose this significant source of income.
4.文章结构与组织 你的文章结构基本上是清晰的，包括引言、正文和结论。然而，你可以通过使用更明确的过渡词和短语来改进段落之间的连贯性。此外，确保每个段落都集中讨论一个特定的观点，并提供支持细节。
改进建议示例1： 原文：First, in the reading passage, it is pointed out that raising taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy food can discourage people from being addicted to unhealthy behaviors. 修改后：Firstly, although the reading passage claims that raising taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy food can discourage people from engaging in unhealthy behaviors, the professor presents a different perspective.
改进建议示例2： 原文：Second, the professor challenges the reading's idea that taxes of this kind are financially fair because nonsmokers and healthy people also cover these costs. 修改后：Secondly, while the reading passage argues that such taxes are financially fair as they shift some of the burden from non-smokers and healthy individuals to those who engage in unhealthy behaviors, the professor offers an alternative view on fairness.
5. 语法批改
In the lecture, the professor expresses skepticism about the reading's idea of the reading passage that imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has social benefits. However, the professor argues that this policy is challenging for several reasons.
First, in the reading passage, it is pointed out that raising taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy food can discourage people from being addicted to unhealthy behaviors. On the contrary, the professor maintains that high taxes on cigarettes might let people have greater health risks by buying cheaper and lower-quality cigarettes that contain more harmful substances. What's more, people might continue buying unhealthy food they prefer and, and(comma between independent clauses) they have less money to buy healthy food.
Second, the professor challenges the reading's idea that taxes of this kind are financially fair because nonsmokers and healthy people also cover these costs. She asserts that some people think this policy is unfair because it does not count in different incomes. Since high-income and low-income smokers are taxed equally, it is expensive for low-income people. Therefore, this policy would create a burden for smokers who have lower income than those who have higher income.
Third, the professor addresses the government depends on and does not want to lose the millions of dollars brought by taxing on cigarettes. The implementation of the revenue may not usedbe used(it would (be) appreciated) for public welfare such as stadiums and public parks because the government does not want to that income radically. However, according to the reading passage, the government using revenue from taxation brings benefits to people by constructing public welfare.
Section Title: 6.文章修订
In the lecture, the professor expresses skepticism about the reading passage's idea that imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has social benefits. However, the professor argues that this policy is challenging for several reasons.
First, in the reading passage, it is pointed out that raising taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy food can discourage people from being addicted to unhealthy behaviors. On the contrary, the professor maintains that high taxes on cigarettes might lead people to have greater health risks by buying cheaper and lower-quality cigarettes that contain more harmful substances. What's more, people might continue buying unhealthy food they prefer even if it's more expensive, resulting in less money available to buy healthy food.
Second, the professor challenges the reading's idea that taxes of this kind are financially fair because nonsmokers and healthy people also cover these costs. She asserts that some people think this policy is unfair because it does not take into account different incomes. Since high-income and low-income smokers are taxed equally, it becomes expensive for low-income individuals. Therefore, this policy would create a disproportionate burden for smokers who have lower income compared to those with higher income.
Third, the professor addresses the government's dependence on and reluctance to lose the millions of dollars brought by taxing cigarettes. The implementation of revenue may not be used for public welfare projects such as stadiums and public parks because the government does not want to lose that income radically. However, according to the reading passage, using revenue from taxation brings benefits to people by constructing public welfare facilities. (265 words)
In the lecture, the professor expresses skepticism about the reading passage's idea (changed "the reading's idea of the reading passage passage" to "the reading passage's idea" for clarity and conciseness) that imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has social benefits. However, the professor argues that this policy is challenging for several reasons.
First, in the reading passage, it is pointed out that raising taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy food can discourage people from being addicted to unhealthy behaviors. On the contrary, the professor maintains that high taxes on cigarettes might let people lead (changed "let" to "lead" for proper word usage) people to have greater health risks by buying cheaper and lower-quality cigarettes that contain more harmful substances. What's more, people might continue buying unhealthy food they prefer and they have even if it's more expensive (added "even if it's more expensive" for clarity), resulting in less money available to buy healthy food.
Second, the professor challenges the reading's idea that taxes of this kind are financially fair because nonsmokers and healthy people also cover these costs. She asserts that some people think this policy is unfair because it does not count in take into account (changed "count in" to "take into account" for proper phrasing) different incomes. Since high-income and low-income smokers are taxed equally, it is becomes expensive for low-income people. individuals. Therefore, this policy would create a disproportionate burden (added "disproportionate" for emphasis) for smokers who have lower income than compared to those who have with higher income.
Third, the professor addresses the government depends government's dependence on and does reluctance to lose (changed "does not want to lose lose" to "reluctance to lose" for better phrasing) the millions of dollars brought by taxing on cigarettes. The implementation of the revenue may not be used (changed "may not used" to "may not be used") for public welfare projects such as stadiums and public parks because the government does not want to lose that income radically. However, according to the reading passage, the government using revenue from taxation brings benefits to people by constructing public welfare.welfare facilities (changed "public welfare" to "public welfare facilities" for clarity).
8. Mind Map
1. Introduction
- Essay structure
- Lecture points
2. High taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy food
- Discourage addiction (Reading)
- Greater health risks (Lecture)
3. Financial fairness of taxes
- Nonsmokers and healthy people cover costs (Reading)
- Unfair for low-income individuals (Lecture)
4. Government dependence on tax revenue
- Public welfare projects (Reading)
- Reluctance to lose income (Lecture)
5. Conclusion
- Summarize lecture's skepticism
9. Keywords
| Word | Phonetic Symbol | Part of Speech | English Definition | Simplified Chinese Translation | Sample Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| skepticism | /ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm/ | noun | Doubt as to the truth of something | 怀疑主义 | The professor's skepticism about the policy was evident in her lecture. |
| discourage | /dɪˈskʌrɪdʒ/ | verb | Cause someone to lose confidence or enthusiasm | 劝阻 | High taxes can discourage people from buying unhealthy products. |
| addiction | /əˈdɪkʃən/ | noun | _The fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity | _上瘾 | He had an addiction to fast food that was hard to break. |
| disproportionate | /dɪsproʊˈpɔrʃənət/ | _adjective | _Too large or too small in comparison with something else | _不成比例的 | The policy would create a disproportionate burden for low-income smokers. |
| revenue | /ˈrɛvəˌnu/ | noun | _Income, especially when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature | _收入 | The government relies on tax revenue from cigarette sales. |
| dependence | /dɪˈpɛndəns/ | noun | _The state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else | _依赖 | The government's dependence on cigarette taxes is problematic. |
| welfare | /ˈwɛlˌfɛr/ | noun | _The health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group | _福利 | Public welfare projects can benefit the entire community. |
| implementation | /ˌɪmpləmənˈteɪʃən/ | noun | _The process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution | _实施 | The implementation of the new policy was met with mixed reactions. |
| reluctance | /rɪˈlʌktəns/ | noun | _Unwillingness or disinclination to do something | _不情愿 | There was a clear reluctance from the government to lose the income generated by cigarette taxes. |
| disproportionate | /dɪsproʊˈpɔrʃənət/ | adjective | Too large or too small in comparison with something else | 不成比例的 | The burden placed on low-income individuals by this policy is disproportionate to their income. |
Section Title: 6. Article Revision
In the lecture, the professor expresses skepticism about the reading passage's idea that imposing high taxes on cigarettes and other unhealthy products has social benefits. However, the professor argues that this policy is challenging for several reasons.
First, in the reading passage, it is pointed out that raising taxes on cigarettes and unhealthy food can discourage people from being addicted to unhealthy behaviors. On the contrary, the professor maintains that high taxes on cigarettes might lead people to have greater health risks by buying cheaper and lower-quality cigarettes that contain more harmful substances. What's more, people might continue buying unhealthy food they prefer even if it's more expensive, resulting in less money available to buy healthy food.
Second, the professor challenges the reading's idea that taxes of this kind are financially fair because nonsmokers and healthy people also cover these costs. She asserts that some people think this policy is unfair because it does not take into account different incomes. Since high-income and low-income smokers are taxed equally, it becomes expensive for low-income individuals. Therefore, this policy would create a disproportionate burden for smokers who have lower income compared to those with higher income.
Third, the professor addresses the government's dependence on and reluctance to lose the millions of dollars brought by taxing cigarettes. The implementation of revenue may not be used for public welfare projects such as stadiums and public parks because the government does not want to lose that income radically. However, according to the reading passage, using revenue from taxation brings benefits to people by constructing public welfare facilities.
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