TOEFL Writing Task 1 Sample: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response wil be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing andon how wel your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an efective response wilbe 150 to 225 words.

1.子项得分 任务完成度: 4 组织: 3 连贯与衔接: 3 语言使用: 3

2.预估分数

22. 3.任务完成度

整体来说，文章较好地回应了题目要求，阐述了听力材料中的观点，并与阅读材料进行了对比。但是，有些地方可以进一步改进。首先，在引用听力材料时，可以更详细地描述一些具体的事实和例子。此外，在总结听力讲座中的观点时，尽量避免使用过于简单的句子结构。

示例1： 原文：On the other hand, workers could work during winters to solve the disease problem because mosquitoes didn't active during winters. 改进：On the other hand, to address the issue of malaria caused by mosquitoes in wetlands, workers strategically chose to work during winter when mosquitoes were inactive.

示例2： 原文：Now people and goods only needed 6 days by the Erie Canal, before, it could costed them 6 weeks. 改进：With the completion of the Erie Canal, travel time for people and goods was significantly reduced from six weeks to just six days.

4.文章结构与组织 虽然文章具有基本的结构（引言、正文和结论），但在组织方面仍有改进空间。首先，建议在引言部分简要概括阅读和听力材料的主要观点，以便为读者提供背景信息。其次，正文段落可以更加清晰地分析每个观点，使用恰当的过渡词汇来衔接不同的想法。最后，在结论部分总结文章的主要观点，并指出听力材料如何驳斥阅读材料中提出的挑战。

示例1： 原文：The reading passage presents three challenges that Erie Canal would not be successful. Nonetheless, the professor in the listening material refutes these challenges, deeming the challenges could be overcomed. 改进：The reading passage presents three challenges that cast doubt on the success of the Erie Canal. However, the professor in the listening material refutes these challenges by providing solutions to overcome them.

示例2： 原文：Therefore, there were enough people could deal with the difficult work by corincident. 改进：As a result, a sufficient number of workers were available to tackle the challenging task of constructing the canal due to this fortunate coincidence.

5. 语法批改

The reading passage presents three challenges that Erie Canal would not be successful. Nonetheless, the professor in the listening material refutes these challenges, deeming the challenges could be overcomedovercame(misspelling).

Firstly, the passage asserts that the too many trees needed to be cut down to build the canal, in the meantime, the mosquitoes in the wetlands would make the workers fall ill. However, the lecturer argues that tree problems could be solved by developing new and useful devices. And animals could help the process, saving labors for cutting trees. On the other hand, workers could work during winters to solve the disease problem because mosquitoes didn't active during winters.

Secondly, the passage counters that there weren't enough workers in the United States to complete this project. Contrary to the reading, the professor argues that there are enough Europe immigrants who were eageringwagering(misspelling) for jobs rushed into U.S. during that period. Therefore, there were enough people could deal with the difficult work by corincidentcoincident(misspelling).

Lastly, the passage challenges that the benefits yielded from the Erie Canal couldn't justify its costs. Nevertheless, the professor disagrees with this statement. She thinks the trades waswere(Detects potentially wrong usage of "was") difficult before the Erie Canal was built, people couldn't get there easily, and also hard to get back. But the situations could be changed by the Erie CanalCanal,(This rule identifies whether commas are missing in a sentence.) which could decrease the diffcultiesdifficulties(misspelling). Now people and goods only needed 6 days by the Erie Canal, before, it could costedcost(Non-infinitive verb after modal verbs) them 6 weeks. And the costs are decreased significantly, it costs people 100 dolarsdollars(misspelling) to go overland, but only 10 dolarsdollars(misspelling) to go waterway.

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The reading passage presents three challenges that critics believed would prevent the Erie Canal from being successful. However, the professor in the listening material refutes these challenges, demonstrating that they could be overcome.

Firstly, the passage asserts that the local terrain and landscape posed significant difficulties, such as the need to clear numerous trees and the risk of workers falling ill from malaria in wetland areas. In contrast, the lecturer explains that innovative devices were developed to assist with tree removal, while animals like oxen could help expedite the process. Furthermore, working during winter months mitigated the risk of malaria since mosquitoes are not active during this time.

Secondly, the passage contends that there was an insufficient workforce in the United States to complete such a massive project. Contrary to this claim, the professor points out that a large influx of European immigrants arrived in the U.S. around this time seeking employment opportunities. Consequently, there was an adequate labor force available to tackle this challenging endeavor.

Lastly, critics argued that the benefits derived from constructing the Erie Canal would not justify its high costs. Nevertheless, the professor disputes this assertion by highlighting how difficult and expensive it was for people and goods to reach or leave the Midwest prior to its completion. The construction of the Erie Canal dramatically reduced travel time from six weeks to just six days and significantly decreased shipping costs – from $100 overland to a mere $10 via waterway – thus facilitating commerce between coastal regions and America's interior. (257 words)

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The reading passage presents three challenges that critics believed would prevent the Erie Canal would not be successful. Nonetheless, from being successful (changed for clarity and to avoid repetition). However, the professor in the listening material refutes these challenges, deeming the challenges demonstrating that they could be overcomed. overcome (revised for better word choice).

Firstly, the passage asserts that the too many local terrain and landscape posed significant difficulties, such as the need to clear numerous trees needed to be cut down to build the canal, and the risk of workers falling ill from malaria in the meantime, the mosquitoes in the wetlands would make the workers fall ill. However, wetland areas (rephrased for clarity). In contrast, the lecturer argues that explains that innovative devices were developed to assist with tree problems could be solved by developing new and useful devices. And removal, while animals like oxen could help the process, saving labors for cutting trees. On the other hand, workers could work expedite the process (clarified point). Furthermore, working during winters to solve the disease problem because winter months mitigated the risk of malaria since mosquitoes didn't are not active during winters. this time (rephrased for better flow).

Secondly, the passage counters contends that there weren't enough workers was an insufficient workforce in the United States to complete this project. such a massive project (rephrased for clarity). Contrary to the reading, this claim, the professor argues that points out that a large influx of European immigrants arrived in the U.S. around this time seeking employment opportunities (clarified point). Consequently, there are enough Europe immigrants who were eagering for jobs rushed into U.S. during that period. Therefore, there were enough people could deal with the difficult work by corincident. was an adequate labor force available to tackle this challenging endeavor (rephrased for better flow).

Lastly, the passage challenges critics argued that the benefits yielded from derived from constructing the Erie Canal couldn't would not justify its costs. high costs (rephrased for clarity). Nevertheless, the professor disagrees with this statement. She thinks the trades disputes this assertion by highlighting how difficult and expensive it was difficult before for people and goods to reach or leave the Midwest prior to its completion (clarified point). The construction of the Erie Canal was built, people couldn't get there easily, and also hard to get back. But the situations could be changed by the Erie Canal which could decrease the diffculties. Now people and goods only needed 6 dramatically reduced travel time from six weeks to just six days by the Erie Canal, before, it could costed them 6 weeks. And the and significantly decreased shipping costs are decreased significantly, it costs people 100 dolars to go overland, but only 10 dolars to go waterway.– from $100 overland to a mere $10 via waterway – thus facilitating commerce between coastal regions and America's interior (rephrased for better flow and clarity).

8. Mind Map

- Introduction
  - Reading passage: critics' challenges
  - Listening material: professor's refutations

- Challenge 1: Terrain and Landscape
  - Reading passage: tree clearing, malaria risk
  - Listening material: innovative devices, oxen, winter work

- Challenge 2: Insufficient Workforce
  - Reading passage: lack of workers in the U.S.
  - Listening material: European immigrants seeking employment

- Challenge 3: Cost vs. Benefits
  - Reading passage: high costs not justified by benefits
  - Listening material: reduced travel time, decreased shipping costs, facilitated commerce

- Conclusion

9. Keywords

1.子项得分 Task fulfillment: 4 Organization: 3 Coherence and Cohesion: 3 Language Use: 3

2.预估分数 Estimated Score: 22

3.任务完成度 整体来说，文章回答了题目要求的问题，但在论证方面还有待加强。建议在写作时更加关注论证的过程，以及如何更有效地展示阅读和听力材料之间的关系。同时，注意在引用听力内容时保持准确性。

示例1： 原文：The lecturer, however, asserts that the virus should be visible even the birds were died. But the virus can not be seen on died birds body. 修改：The lecturer, however, asserts that the virus should leave some visible signs on the dead birds' bodies, but scientists have not found any evidence of such signs.

示例2： 原文：May the other factors caused the death of the auklets. 修改：There might be other factors causing the death of the auklets that were not mentioned in the reading or listening materials.

4.文章结构与组织 文章的结构和组织方面需要改进。首先，在引入段落中应明确指出阅读和听力材料之间的关系。其次，在正文段落中应保持一致性，并使用恰当的过渡词汇连接不同观点。最后，在结尾段落中总结全文内容。

示例1： 原文：The author of the article mentions that Cassin's auklets died off for three reasons. While the lecturer disputes the claims mentioned in the article. 修改：The author of the article mentions three possible reasons for the death of Cassin's auklets, while the lecturer disputes each of these claims and provides counterarguments.

示例2： 原文：However, the lecturer challenges the argument by stating that the death number is striking, almost thousands birds died at the same time, which is a biggest number in the history. 修改：However, the lecturer challenges this argument by stating that an unprecedented number of birds died simultaneously, making it unlikely that competition for food alone could have caused such a massive die-off.

5. 语法批改

The author of the article mentions that CassinCassie(misspelling)'s auklets died off for three reasons. While the lecturer disputes the claims mentioned in the article. His position is that these reasons not successfully explain the death of the birds.

Firstly, the reading passage states that the number of auklets born the summer before the die-off was significantly higher than average. The birds competed for the foods, when the area lack of the foods, the birds died off before the proper balance between the number of auklets and food resources was restored. However, the lecturer challenges the argument by stating that the death number is striking, almost thousands birds died at the same time, which is athe(Zero or indefinite article ('a'/'an') before superlatives) biggest number in the history. If the birds compete for the food, there will just certain birds died. The survivor and food resources will keep balance.

Secondly, the author suggests that the birds were infected by virus, since the same area found a lot of dieddyed(Detects potentially wrong usage of "died" instead of "dyed") sea stars. The virus is knowknown(Agreement: 'been' or 'was' + past tense) to be excellent at adapting to different hosts. When the birds ate the sea stars, the virus infected the birds. The lecturer, however, asserts that the virus should be visible even the birds were died. But the virus can not be seen on died birdsbird's(This rule identifies whether there is a missing apostrophe before an 's'.) body. It can not simply prove that the birds died because of the virus.

Lastly, the author puts forth the idea that the scientists discover a patch of warm water. This patch formed close to the time the die-off started. When the temperature of water changed, the zooplankton which the anklets feed on became smaller and less nutritious than usual. In contrast, the lecturer argues that this reason has problema problem(This rule identifies whether the article 'a' is missing in a sentence.). The fish salmon which lives in the same area also eat the zooplankton and kept health. May the other factors caused the death of the auklets.

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The author of the article posits that Cassin's auklets experienced a massive die-off due to three potential reasons. However, the lecturer disputes these claims, asserting that none of them successfully explain the birds' deaths.

Firstly, the reading passage suggests that an unusually high number of auklets were born the summer before the die-off, leading to increased competition for limited food resources. This could have resulted in many birds dying before a proper balance between their population and available food was restored. The lecturer, however, contends that this explanation is implausible given the staggering number of bird deaths - estimated at around 100,000 - which is among the largest bird die-offs in history. He argues that if competition for food were the cause, only a certain number of birds would have died before equilibrium was reestablished.

Secondly, the author proposes that a virus might have been responsible for the birds' demise since sea stars in the same area had previously been devastated by one. This particular virus is known to be highly adaptable to different hosts; thus, it is possible that it infected the auklets after they consumed or came into contact with infected sea stars. The lecturer refutes this claim by pointing out that viruses typically remain in or leave visible signs on their host's body after death. However, scientists examining dead auklets found no evidence of disease or viral infection. While this does not completely rule out disease as a cause, it cannot be proven without specific physical signs and evidence.

Lastly, according to the author, scientists discovered an unusually large patch of warm water near where and when the die-off began. This change in water temperature likely affected zooplankton populations - which serve as food for auklets - causing them to become smaller and less nutritious than usual. The lecturer disputes this theory as well by highlighting its main flaw: other species that rely on zooplankton for sustenance, such as salmon, remained healthy during the period when auklets were dying. This raises the question of why only auklets were affected, suggesting that another factor must have been responsible for their unprecedented deaths. (357 words)

Section Title: 7. Article Revision

The author of the article mentions posits that Cassin's auklets died off for experienced a massive die-off due to three potential reasons. While However, the lecturer disputes the claims mentioned in the article. His these claims, asserting that none of them successfully explain the birds' deaths (Changed "mentions" to "posits" and "His position is that these reasons not successfully explain the death of the birds. explain" to "asserting that none of them successfully explain" for clarity and conciseness).

Firstly, the reading passage states that the suggests that an unusually high number of auklets were born the summer before the die-off was significantly higher than average. The die-off, leading to increased competition for limited food resources. This could have resulted in many birds competed for the foods, when the area lack of the foods, the birds died off dying before the a proper balance between the number of auklets their population and available food resources was restored. However, the lecturer challenges the argument by stating that the death The lecturer, however, contends that this explanation is implausible given the staggering number of bird deaths - estimated at around 100,000 - which is among the largest bird die-offs in history (Changed "death number is striking, almost thousands striking" to "staggering number of bird deaths"). He argues that if competition for food were the cause, only a certain number of birds would have died at the same time, which is a biggest number in the history. If the birds compete for the food, there before equilibrium was reestablished (Changed "there will just certain birds died. The survivor and food resources will keep balance. died" to "only a certain number of birds would have died").

Secondly, the author suggests that the birds were infected by virus, proposes that a virus might have been responsible for the birds' demise since sea stars in the same area found a lot of died had previously been devastated by one. This particular virus is known to be highly adaptable to different hosts; thus, it is possible that it infected the auklets after they consumed or came into contact with infected sea stars. The virus is know to be excellent at adapting to different hosts. When the birds ate the sea stars, the virus infected the birds. The lecturer, however, asserts that the lecturer refutes this claim by pointing out that viruses typically remain in or leave visible signs on their host's body after death (Changed "the virus should be visible even the birds were died. But the died" to "viruses typically remain in or leave visible signs on their host's body after death"). However, scientists examining dead auklets found no evidence of disease or viral infection. While this does not completely rule out disease as a cause, it cannot be proven without specific physical signs and evidence (Changed "the virus can not be seen on died birds body. It can not simply prove that the birds died because of the virus. body" to "scientists examining dead auklets found no evidence of disease or viral infection").

Lastly, the author puts forth the idea that the according to the author, scientists discover a discovered an unusually large patch of warm water. water near where and when the die-off began. This patch formed close to the time the die-off started. When the change in water temperature of water changed, the likely affected zooplankton populations - which the anklets feed on became serve as food for auklets - causing them to become smaller and less nutritious than usual. In contrast, the The lecturer argues that disputes this reason has problem. The fish salmon which lives in the same area also eat the theory as well by highlighting its main flaw: other species that rely on zooplankton and kept health. May for sustenance, such as salmon, remained healthy during the period when auklets were dying (Changed "kept health" to "remained healthy"). This raises the question of why only auklets were affected, suggesting that another factor must have been responsible for their unprecedented deaths (Changed "May the other factors caused the death of the auklets.caused" to "suggesting that another factor must have been responsible").

8. Mind Map

- Essay Structure
    - Introduction
        - Cassin's auklets die-off
        - Three potential reasons
    - Point 1: Increased competition for food
        - Reading passage: high number of auklets born, limited food resources
        - Lecture: implausible, staggering number of deaths, equilibrium reestablished
    - Point 2: Virus infection
        - Reading passage: adaptable virus from sea stars
        - Lecture: no evidence of disease or viral infection in dead auklets
    - Point 3: Unusually large patch of warm water
        - Reading passage: affected zooplankton populations, smaller and less nutritious food source for auklets
        - Lecture: other species unaffected, suggests another factor responsible for deaths

9. Keywords

1.子项得分 任务完成度: 4 组织: 3 连贯性和衔接: 3 语言使用: 3

2.预估分数

22. 3.任务完成度

整体而言，文章在任务完成度方面表现较好，对阅读和听力材料中的观点进行了概括和对比。但是，有些地方可以进一步改进。首先，在描述听力材料中的观点时，可以更加具体和详细。此外，在引用听力材料中的例子时，要确保准确无误。

示例1： 原文：A team of animals like axes chop out the roots which also reduce the workers. 修改：A team of strong animals like oxen was used to pull the stump puller, which greatly reduced the amount of manual labor involved.

示例2： 原文：So when the Erie Canal builds, the time of traveling to the Mideast is decreased from six weeks to six days and the cost is decreased from one hundred dollars to ten dollars. 修改：With the completion of the Erie Canal, travel time for new settlers to get to the Midwest decreased from six weeks to six days, and shipping costs from the interior back to the East Coast were reduced from $100 to just $10.

4.文章结构与组织 文章在结构和组织方面有待提高。首先，需要加强段落之间的衔接，使文章更加流畅。其次，在引入阅读和听力材料的观点时，可以使用更多的信号词，以帮助读者更好地理解文章的结构。

建议1：在引入阅读和听力材料的观点时，使用信号词，如“首先”，“然后”，“最后”。

示例1： 原文：In addition, the author demonstrates that because there is small population in the United States, so the construction of canal is lack of workers. 修改：Furthermore, the author argues that due to the small population in the United States at that time, there would be a lack of workers for the construction of the canal.

建议2：在段落之间加入过渡性的句子或短语，使文章更加连贯。

示例2： 原文：However, this is strongly refuted by the lecturer who states that there are thousands of people move from Europe to the Unites States to find jobs. 修改：Contrarily, the lecturer refutes this point by stating that thousands of immigrants from Europe arrived in the United States around that time, seeking jobs and thus providing a sufficient workforce for canal construction.

5. 语法批改

In the reading passage, the author cites three challenges to build the Erie Canal, which connects the New York City to the interior of the United States. However, the lecturer from the listening passage rebuts that these challenges about building the Erie Canal have been overcome. First, the author claims that the local terrain and landscape is a challenge, since there were many forests and it was hard to move trees, and the wetlands may make workers fall ill due to the mosquitoes. Nevertheless, the lecturer offers an opposite point that these trees can be dealt with new devices. For example, to pull trees down, people use chains called stump puller to make them together and pull them out of groundthe ground(This rule identifies whether the article 'the' is missing in a sentence.). A team of animals like axes chop out the rootsroots,(This rule identifies whether commas are missing in a sentence.) which also reduce the workers. Plus, about the wetland, the workers work until winter to dig in the region. Because at that time, there are no mosquitoes to cause malaria. In addition, the author demonstrates that because there is small population in the United States, so the construction of canal is lack of workers. However, this is strongly refuted by the lecturer who states that there are thousands of people move from Europe to the Unites StatesUnited States(Unites (United)) to find jobs. So they are willing to take these hard works and there are sufficient number ofa sufficient number of((a) bunch of) people to do the work. Finally, the author advocates that there isare(Detects potentially wrong usage of "is") not enough benefits to justify the high cost of building the canal, because people don't want to live in the Midwest which cause no goods produced to sent back to the coast. Nevertheless, the lecturer counters that the reason why there isare(Detects potentially wrong usage of "is") not many people live that is it isthat it is(that's you're (that you're)) difficult to get there, and it costs too much to shift good. So when the Erie Canal builds, the time of traveling to the Mideast is decreased from six weeks to six days and the cost is decreased from one hundred dollars to ten dollars.

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The reading passage highlights three challenges faced during the construction of the Erie Canal, which connects New York City to the interior of the United States. However, the lecturer in the listening passage counters these challenges by explaining how they were successfully overcome.

Firstly, the author asserts that the local terrain and landscape posed a significant challenge due to dense forests and wetlands that could lead to workers falling ill from malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Contrarily, the lecturer explains that innovative devices were employed to tackle these issues. For instance, tree stumps were removed using a stump puller attached to chains and pulled out by a team of strong animals like oxen. This significantly reduced manual labor. Additionally, workers waited until winter to dig through wetland areas when mosquitoes were inactive, thus avoiding malaria.

Secondly, the author contends that a small population in the United States resulted in a lack of workers for canal construction. The lecturer refutes this claim by stating that thousands of European immigrants arrived in the United States seeking employment just as construction was about to commence. Consequently, there was an adequate workforce willing to undertake this arduous task.

Lastly, the author argues that insufficient benefits would be generated to justify the high cost of building the canal since few people wanted to live in or settle in the Midwest, leading to minimal goods production for transportation back to coastal regions. The lecturer counters this argument by explaining that prior difficulties in accessing these areas and high shipping costs deterred people from settling there. With the completion of Erie Canal, travel time for new settlers decreased from six weeks to six days and shipping costs dropped dramatically from $100 down to $10 via waterways. (289 words)

In the reading passage, the author cites three challenges to build the Erie Canal, which connects the New York City to the interior of the United States. However, the lecturer from the listening passage rebuts that these challenges about building the Erie Canal have been overcome.

First, the author claims that the local terrain and landscape is a challenge, since there were many forests and it was hard to move trees, and the wetlands may make workers fall ill due to the mosquitoes. Nevertheless, the lecturer offers an opposite point that these trees can be dealt with new devices. devices (revised: Contrarily, the lecturer explains that innovative devices were employed to tackle these issues). For example, to pull trees down, people use chains called stump puller to make them together and pull them out of ground. ground (revised: For instance, tree stumps were removed using a stump puller attached to chains). A team of animals like axes chop out the roots which also reduce the workers. workers (revised: This significantly reduced manual labor). Plus, about the wetland, the workers work until winter to dig in the region. Because at that time, time there are no mosquitoes to cause malaria. malaria (revised: Additionally, workers waited until winter to dig through wetland areas when mosquitoes were inactive, thus avoiding malaria).

In addition, the author demonstrates that because there is a small population in the United States, States so the construction of canal is lack of workers. However, this is strongly refuted by the lecturer who states that there are thousands of people move from Europe to the Unites States to find jobs. jobs (revised: The lecturer refutes this claim by stating that thousands of European immigrants arrived in United States seeking employment just as construction was about commence). So they are willing to take these hard works and there are sufficient number of people to people do the work. Finally, the work (revised: Consequently there was an adequate workforce willing undertake this arduous task).

Finally,the author advocates that there is not enough benefits to justify the high cost of building the canal, because people don't want to live in the Midwest which cause no goods produced to sent back to the coast. Nevertheless, the lecturer counters that the reason why there is not many people live that is it is difficult to get there, and it costs too much to shift good. good (revised: The lecturer counters this argument by explaining that prior difficulties in accessing these areas and high shipping costs deterred people from settling there). So when the Erie Canal builds, the time of traveling to the Mideast is decreased from six weeks to six days and the cost is decreased from one hundred dollars to ten dollars.dollars (revised: With completion Erie Canal, travel time new settlers decreased from six weeks six days and shipping costs dropped dramatically from $100 down $10 via waterways).

8. Mind Map

• Challenges

  • Terrain and landscape
  • Lack of workers
  • Insufficient benefits

• Solutions

  • Innovative devices
    • Stump puller
    • Winter work
  • European immigrants workforce
  • Improved access and reduced costs

9. Keywords

Section Title: 6. Article Revision

The reading passage highlights three challenges faced during the construction of the Erie Canal, which connects New York City to the interior of the United States. However, the lecturer in the listening passage counters these challenges by explaining how they were successfully overcome.

Firstly, the author asserts that local terrain and landscape posed a significant challenge due to dense forests and wetlands that could lead to workers falling ill from malaria-carrying mosquitoes. Contrarily, the lecturer explains that innovative devices were employed to tackle these issues. For instance, tree stumps were removed using a stump puller attached to chains and pulled out by a team of strong animals like oxen. This significantly reduced manual labor. Additionally, workers waited until winter to dig through wetland areas when mosquitoes were inactive, thus avoiding malaria.

Secondly, the author contends that a small population in the United States resulted in a lack of workers for canal construction. The lecturer refutes this claim by stating that thousands of European immigrants arrived in the United States seeking employment just as construction was about to commence. Consequently, there was an adequate workforce willing to undertake this arduous task.

Lastly, the author argues that insufficient benefits would be generated to justify the high cost of building the canal since few people wanted to live in or settle in the Midwest, leading to minimal goods production for transportation back to coastal regions. The lecturer counters this argument by explaining that prior difficulties in accessing these areas and high shipping costs deterred people from settling there. With the completion of Erie Canal, travel time for new settlers decreased from six weeks to six days and shipping costs dropped dramatically from $100 down to $10 via waterways.