TOEFL TPO -1 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to specific concerns expressed in the reading passage.
旧版托福格式的用户历史样本与AI评估结果。
共 1 份历史用户样本
旧版托福题型
本题目来自托福考试的旧版本。当前托福已采用不同的考试结构。这些历史样本仅作为练习参考保留。
题目概览
阅读段落
The narwhal is a medium-sized whale that lives year-round in the Arctic. The species has attracted a lot of scientific attention over the years because it has a perfectly straight 2- to 3-meter-long tusk projecting from its head. Scientists have long wondered what the purpose of the tusk might be. Three possible functions of the tusk have been proposed. First, the narwhal dwells and hunts within the Arctic Circle, where the sea is often covered with thick pack ice. Like other whales, the narwhal needs air to breathe and cannot stay underwater indefinitely. Eyewitnesses have reported seeing narwhals use their tusks to pierce through the ice sheet from below. The ability to break the ice in this way would give a narwhal access to air whenever it needed to take a breath. That would make it possible for narwhals to freely hunt in waters that are covered with ice. Second, the tusk could serve as a weapon for fighting with other male narwhals as they compete for territory. Just as rams and male deer charge at one another with their horns or antlers, male narwhals, it seems, may charge or joust with one another. Some observers have claimed to have seen aggressive clashing of tusks between male narwhals. Third, the surface of the tusk contains many millions of microscopic holes connected to nerves. This configuration suggests that the tusk serves as a sensor that allows the narwhal to detect ocean properties, for example water pressure, temperature, salinity of the water, and even barometric pressure above the water’s surface. The ability to sense such properties would be an important adaptation aiding in the narwhal’s survival.
题目
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to specific concerns expressed in the reading passage.
用户样本与评估结果
用户样本
The passage and the lecture discuss the functions of the narwhal's tusk, the passage proposes several theories, which are refuted by the following lecture. The author believes that narwhals use their tusks to break the ice so that tusk can assist them in taking a breath and hunting under the water, especially during the winter. However, the professor doesn't think it is unrealistic. According to him, although narwhals' tusks are able to bend in any direction, they can't pierce through the ice. Eyewitnesses that had been reported might just have seen the scenes when narwhals put their heads out of water in places where the ice began to break down by themselves. The author claims that male narwhals will charge or joust with each other to compete for territory so husks can serve as a weapon for fighting. On the contrary, the professor views this theory adversely by speaking of the difference in observing distance. In fact, It's reported that some scientists who have closely watched narwhals’ behaviors ended up saying that they are actually rubbing their tusks, indicating communication rather than aggressively fighting for their habitats. The author suggests that tusks go a long way in detecting ocean properties, thus they can be used as sensors to help narwhals survive long. Nevertheless, the professor casts doubts on this idea by saying that female narwhals almost have no husks but have longevity compared with male ones who have husks. This theory seems problematic as well.
评估结果
1.子项得分 任务完成度: 4 组织: 4 连贯性和衔接: 4 语言使用: 3
2.预估分数
25. 3.任务完成度
整体来说，文章较好地完成了任务要求，即总结讲座中的观点并解释它们如何回应阅读材料中的担忧。然而，有一些建议可以帮助改进文章。首先，在引述讲座中的论点时，可以更详细地描述这些论点以及它们是如何反驳阅读材料中的观点的。其次，在总结讲座内容时，尽量使用不同于阅读材料中的词汇和表达方式。
示例1： 原文：According to him, although narwhals' tusks are able to bend in any direction, they can't pierce through the ice. 改进：The professor explains that the narwhal's tusk is too flexible to break through thick ice, as it can bend up to 30 centimeters in any direction.
示例2： 原文：In fact, It's reported that some scientists who have closely watched narwhals’ behaviors ended up saying that they are actually rubbing their tusks, indicating communication rather than aggressively fighting for their habitats. 改进：In reality, researchers who have observed narwhals up close found that they gently rub their tusks together, suggesting a form of communication rather than aggressive territorial behavior.
4.文章结构与组织 文章在结构和组织方面表现良好，包括引言、正文和结论。每段都集中讨论了一个特定的观点和支持细节。然而，可以通过以下建议进一步改进文章的结构和组织：首先，在引言部分简要介绍讲座和阅读材料的主题，以便为读者提供背景信息。其次，在正文段落之间使用更明确的过渡词或短语，以帮助读者更好地理解文章的逻辑顺序。
示例1： 原文：The passage and the lecture discuss the functions of the narwhal's tusk, the passage proposes several theories, which are refuted by the following lecture. 改进：The passage and the lecture both address the functions of the narwhal's tusk. While the passage proposes several theories, the lecture refutes each of these theories with counterarguments.
示例2： 原文：On the contrary, the professor views this theory adversely by speaking of the difference in observing distance. 改进：Contrarily, the professor challenges this theory by emphasizing that observation distance plays a crucial role in understanding narwhals' behavior.
5. 语法批改
The passage and the lecture discuss the functions of the narwhal's tusk, the passage proposes several theories, which are refuted by the following lecture.
The author believes that narwhals use their tusks to break the ice so that tuskthe tusk(This rule identifies whether the article 'the' is missing in a sentence.) can assist them in taking a breath and hunting under the water, especially during the winter. However, the professor doesn't think it is unrealistic. According to him, although narwhals' tusks are able to bend in any direction, they can't pierce through the ice. Eyewitnesses that had been reported might just have seen the scenes when narwhals put their heads out of water in places where the ice began to break down by themselves.
The author claims that male narwhals will charge or joust with each other to compete for territory so, so(comma between independent clauses) husks can serve as a weapon for fighting. On the contrary, the professor views this theory adversely by speaking of the difference in observing distance. In fact, It's reported that some scientists who have closely watched narwhals’ behaviors ended up saying that they are actually rubbing their tusks, indicating communication rather than aggressively fighting for their habitats.
The author suggests that tusks go a long way in detecting ocean properties, thus they can be used as sensors to help narwhals survive long. Nevertheless, the professor casts doubts on this idea by saying that female narwhals almost have no husks but have longevity compared with male ones who have husks. This theory seems problematic as well.
Section Title: 6.文章修订
The passage and the lecture discuss the functions of the narwhal's tusk, with the passage proposing several theories that are subsequently refuted by the lecture.
The author posits that narwhals utilize their tusks to break ice, enabling them to breathe and hunt underwater, particularly during winter. However, the professor contends that this is unrealistic. He explains that although narwhals' tusks can bend in any direction, they are incapable of piercing through ice. The reported eyewitness accounts may simply have observed narwhals surfacing in areas where ice had already begun to break apart naturally.
The passage also asserts that male narwhals use their tusks as weapons for fighting and competing for territory. In contrast, the professor disputes this theory by highlighting differences in observation distance. He cites reports from scientists who have closely observed narwhal behavior, stating that they actually rub their tusks together, suggesting communication rather than aggressive territorial disputes.
Lastly, the author proposes that tusks function as sensors for detecting ocean properties, aiding in narwhal survival. Nevertheless, the professor casts doubt on this idea by pointing out that female narwhals rarely possess tusks yet live longer than their male counterparts who do have them. This discrepancy calls into question the validity of this theory as well. (210 words)
Section Title: 7.文章修订
The passage and the lecture discuss the functions of the narwhal's tusk, with the passage proposes proposing several theories, which theories that are subsequently refuted by the following lecture.
The author believes that narwhals use posits that narwhals utilize their tusks to break the ice so that tusk can assist ice, enabling them in taking a breath and hunting under the water, especially to breathe and hunt underwater, particularly during the winter. However, the professor doesn't think it contends that this is unrealistic. According to him, unrealistic (unrealistic is revised to contend for a more natural tone). He explains that although narwhals' tusks are able to can bend in any direction, they can't pierce are incapable of piercing through the ice. Eyewitnesses that The reported eyewitness accounts may simply have observed narwhals surfacing in areas where ice had been reported might just have seen the scenes when narwhals put their heads out of water in places where the ice began already begun to break down apart naturally (revised for clarity and natural tone).
The passage also asserts that male narwhals use their tusks as weapons for fighting and competing for territory. In contrast, the professor disputes this theory by themselves. ¶ The author claims that male narwhals will charge or joust with each other to compete for territory so husks can serve as highlighting differences in observation distance (revised for a weapon for fighting. On the contrary, the professor views this theory adversely by speaking of the difference in observing distance. In fact, It's reported that some more natural tone). He cites reports from scientists who have closely watched narwhals’ behaviors ended up saying observed narwhal behavior, stating that they are actually rubbing their tusks, indicating rub their tusks together, suggesting communication rather than aggressively fighting for their habitats. ¶ The aggressive territorial disputes (revised for clarity).
Lastly, the author suggests that tusks go a long way in proposes that tusks function as sensors for detecting ocean properties, thus they can be used as sensors to help narwhals survive long. aiding in narwhal survival. Nevertheless, the professor casts doubts doubt on this idea by saying pointing out that female narwhals almost rarely possess tusks yet live longer than their male counterparts who do have no husks but have longevity compared with male ones who have husks. them (revised for a more natural tone). This discrepancy calls into question the validity of this theory seems problematic as well.well (revised for clarity).
8. Mind Map
Mind Map:
- Introduction
- Functions of narwhal's tusk
- Passage theories vs. Lecture refutations
- Ice Breaking Theory
- Passage: Tusk used to break ice for breathing and hunting
- Lecture: Tusks can't pierce ice, observed surfacing in natural breaks
- Weapon Theory
- Passage: Male narwhals use tusks for fighting and territory competition
- Lecture: Close observations show tusks rubbing, suggesting communication instead of aggression
- Sensor Theory
- Passage: Tusks detect ocean properties for survival
- Lecture: Female narwhals without tusks live longer, questioning the theory's validity
9. Keywords
| Word | Phonetic Symbol | Part of Speech | English Definition | Simplified Chinese Translation (if needed) | Sample Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Narwhal | /ˈnɑːr.wəl/ | Noun | A medium-sized toothed whale with a long, spiral tusk extending from its upper jaw. | 独角鲸 | The narwhal is a unique marine mammal due to its distinctive tusk. |
| Tusk | /tʌsk/ | Noun | A long, pointed tooth, especially one that sticks out from the mouth of an animal. | 长牙，獠牙 | The elephant used its tusks to lift the heavy log. |
| Refute | /rɪˈfjut/ | Verb | To prove a statement or idea to be wrong or false; disprove. | 反驳，驳斥，证明…错误；证伪；揭露…的错误；揭露…的虚伪 | The professor refuted the student's argument with evidence. |
| Eyewitness | /ˈaɪ.wɪt.nəs/ | Noun | A person who has seen something happen and can give a first-hand description of it. | 目击者，见证人 | The police interviewed several eyewitnesses to the crime. |
| Territory | /ˈter.ɪ.tɔːr.i/ | Noun | An area of land that is controlled by a particular country, leader, or army. | 领土，领地；地盘；势力范围；活动范围；（动物的）领域，地盘，活动范围；（知识、艺术等的）领域，范畴；（销售员的）营业区域；（美国或加拿大的）准州，直辖区，自治区域；疆土 | The two countries have been fighting over the disputed territory for years. |
| Dispute | /dɪˈspjut/ | Verb/Noun | To argue or disagree about something; an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between two organizations or countries. | 争论，争执，争吵；质疑，怀疑；抗议，反对; 纷争; 争端; 纠纷; 争论; 辩论; 斗嘴; 口角 | The two neighbors had a dispute over the property line between their houses. |
| Aggression | /əˈɡreʃ.ən/ | Noun | Hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront. | 侵略，侵犯；侵略行为；攻击性；进攻，攻势；挑衅，挑逗，激怒 | The dog showed aggression towards the stranger. |
| Sensor | /ˈsen.sɔːr/ | Noun | A device that detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it. | 传感器，感应器；敏感元件；检测器；探测器；（尤指）自动监测装置，自动检测装置; 感应器; 感应线圈; 感应继电器 | The security system uses motion sensors to detect intruders. |
| Discrepancy | /dɪˈskrep.ən.si/ | Noun | A difference between two things that should be the same. | 差异，差别，不符合，不一致（尤指在两个相互关联的事物之间的）不符合，不一致 | There was a discrepancy in the financial reports, which raised concerns about possible fraud. |
| Validity | /vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/ | Noun | The quality of being logically or factually sound; soundness or cogency. | 正确性，正确无误（尤指思想、论据、建议等）有根据，有理，有道理；有效性；效力 | The scientist questioned the validity of the research study's conclusions. |
