TOEFL Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.

1.子项得分 Task fulfillment: 4 Organization: 4 Coherence and Cohesion: 4 Language Use: 3

2.预估分数 Estimated Score: 25

3.任务完成度 从任务完成度的角度来看，文章基本上回答了问题，总结了听力中的观点，并解释了它们如何对阅读材料中的观点产生怀疑。但是，有些地方可以改进以使文章更清晰和准确。例如，可以更详细地描述听力中提到的证据和例子。此外，在引用听力材料时，可以使用更准确的措辞。

示例1： 原文：However, the Chacoans have clever ways to conserve water and there were traces of irrigation. 改进：However, the Chacoans developed effective strategies to conserve water, as evidenced by the traces of an ancient irrigation system found in the canyon.

示例2： 原文：When experts extracted samples from deeper soil, they found the salt was not that salt. 改进：When experts extracted samples from deeper soil, they found much lower levels of salts compared to the surface samples.

4.文章结构与组织 The essay has a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each paragraph focuses on a specific point and provides supporting details from the listening passage. However, there is room for improvement in terms of organization and transitions between ideas and paragraphs.

Suggestions for improvement:

• Use clearer topic sentences at the beginning of each paragraph to guide readers through your argument.

• Improve transitions between ideas and paragraphs by using appropriate linking words or phrases.

Example 1: Original: Firstly, the reading claims that the amount of rainfall could not support enough corps. Improved: Firstly, the reading claims that the limited amount of rainfall in Chaco Canyon made it impossible for the Chacoans to grow sufficient crops.

Example 2: Original: Consequently, those less salty soil was good for crops. Improved: Consequently, this deeper, less salty soil was actually suitable for crop cultivation.

5. Grammar

The reading suggests several reasons that Chacoans could not grow enough corpscrops to support themselves. However, the listening suggests an opposite view that Chacoans could support themselves. Firstly, the reading claims that the amount of of rainfall could not support enough corps.crops. Admittedly, there was little rainrainfall there. However, the Chacoans havehad clever ways to conserve water and there were traces of irrigation. To be specific, Chacoans used water reservoirs to store water and built canals to distribute water even when water resources iswere limited. So, they could raise enough crops even with limited rainfall. Secondly, the reading asserts that salty soil is another factor which makes Chacoans unableit difficult for Chacoans to grow enough crops. However, the listening refutes that by claiming that there were few soil samples being collected and they arecollected, and they were located at the surface. Test only occurred at the surface, testTests should also be conducted below the surface. When experts extracted samples from deeper soil, they found the salt was not that salt. In addition,content was not as high and deeper soil contained minerals which were very fertile for crops. Consequently, those less salty soil wassoils were good for crops. Thirdly, the reading suggests that the whole cropscrop yield could not feed the large population. However, the listening views this from another angle, accordingangle. According to him, Charcoans' population werewas smaller than thousand.previously thought, and Charcoans was a religious place andthat attracted visitors to stay that's why there werestay, resulting in many large structures. Those visitors willwould bring food to Charcoans, thus they havehad enough food to support smaller population.

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The reading passage posits that the Chacoans could not grow enough crops to support themselves due to insufficient rainfall, salty soil, and a large population. In contrast, the lecture presents evidence that challenges these claims and supports the idea that the Chacoans were indeed self-sufficient.

Firstly, although the reading asserts that limited rainfall made it difficult for the Chacoans to grow crops, the lecture contends that they developed effective strategies to conserve water. The Chacoans built water reservoirs and canals as part of an ancient irrigation system, which allowed them to collect and distribute rainwater efficiently. This ingenuity enabled them to grow sufficient crops despite scarce rainfall.

Secondly, while the reading claims that highly salty soil hindered crop growth in Chaco Canyon, the lecture refutes this by pointing out flaws in the soil tests conducted. The initial tests only examined surface-level samples; however, when experts analyzed deeper soil samples, they discovered significantly lower salt levels. Moreover, some of these salts contained essential minerals that actually made the soil more fertile for crop cultivation. Consequently, it appears that Chaco Canyon's soil was more conducive to agriculture than initially believed.

Lastly, contrary to the reading's assertion that a large population size rendered local agriculture insufficient for sustaining residents, the lecture explains that Chaco Canyon's actual population was much smaller—perhaps only a few hundred people. The presence of numerous large buildings can be attributed to its status as a religious site attracting visitors who brought their own food supplies. Given this smaller resident population size and contributions from visitors' provisions, agriculture in Chaco Canyon could have produced enough food for its inhabitants. (272 words)

Section Title: 7.文章批改

The reading suggests several reasons that passage posits that the Chacoans could not grow enough corps crops to support themselves. However, the listening suggests an opposite view that themselves due to insufficient rainfall, salty soil, and a large population. In contrast, the lecture presents evidence that challenges these claims and supports the idea that the Chacoans could support themselves. were indeed self-sufficient (Changed "opposite view" to "evidence that challenges these claims and supports the idea" for clarity).

Firstly, although the reading asserts that limited rainfall made it difficult for the Chacoans to grow crops, the lecture contends that they developed effective strategies to conserve water (Rephrased "clever ways" as "effective strategies" for a more formal tone). The Chacoans built water reservoirs and canals as part of an ancient irrigation system, which allowed them to collect and distribute rainwater efficiently. This ingenuity enabled them to grow sufficient crops despite scarce rainfall (Changed "limited" to "scarce" for better word choice).

Secondly, while the reading claims that the amount highly salty soil hindered crop growth in Chaco Canyon, the lecture refutes this by pointing out flaws in the soil tests conducted (Clarified sentence structure). The initial tests only examined surface-level samples; however, when experts analyzed deeper soil samples, they discovered significantly lower salt levels. Moreover, some of of rainfall could not support enough corps. Admittedly, there these salts contained essential minerals that actually made the soil more fertile for crop cultivation (Added "for crop cultivation" for clarity). Consequently, it appears that Chaco Canyon's soil was little rain there. However, the Chacoans have clever ways to conserve water and there were traces of irrigation. To be specific, Chacoans used water reservoirs to store water and built canals to distribute water even when water resources is limited. So, they could raise enough crops even with limited rainfall. more conducive to agriculture than initially believed.

Secondly, the reading asserts that salty soil is another factor which makes Chacoans unable to grow enough crops. However, the listening refutes that by claiming that there were Lastly, contrary to the reading's assertion that a large population size rendered local agriculture insufficient for sustaining residents, the lecture explains that Chaco Canyon's actual population was much smaller—perhaps only a few soil samples being collected and they are located at the surface. Test only occurred at the surface, test should also be conducted below the surface. ¶ When experts extracted samples from deeper soil, they found the salt was not that salt. In addition, deeper soil contained minerals which were very fertile for crops. Consequently, those less salty soil was good for crops. ¶ Thirdly, the reading suggests that the whole crops yield could not feed the large population. However, the listening views this from another angle, according to him, Charcoans’ hundred people (Changed "Charcoans’ population were smaller than thousand. Charcoans thousand" to "Chaco Canyon's actual population was much smaller—perhaps only a few hundred people" for clarity and accuracy). The presence of numerous large buildings can be attributed to its status as a religious place and attracted site attracting visitors to stay that’s why there were many large structures. Those visitors will bring who brought their own food to Charcoans, thus they supplies (Changed "Charcoans" to "Chaco Canyon's" for consistency). Given this smaller resident population size and contributions from visitors' provisions, agriculture in Chaco Canyon could have produced enough food to support smaller population.for its inhabitants (Changed "support" to "produced enough food for" for better word choice).

8. Mind Map

1. Introduction
   - Chacoans: self-sufficient or not?

2. Limited Rainfall
   - Reading: insufficient rainfall for crops
   - Lecture: water reservoirs and canals for irrigation

3. Salty Soil
   - Reading: salty soil hinders crop growth
   - Lecture: deeper soil samples show lower salt levels, essential minerals for fertility

4. Large Population
   - Reading: too many people to support with local agriculture
   - Lecture: smaller population, religious site with visitors bringing food supplies

5. Conclusion
   - Chacoans were likely self-sufficient in agriculture.

9. Keywords